Students will submit their assigned topic in a written, APA format with a minimum ofthree scholarly references. Basic inclusions for the teaching presentation are outlinedbelow:I. Description of...

Running Head: NURSING                                    1
NURSING                                            2
NURSING
BIPOLAR DISORDER
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
I. Description of Bipolar disorder    3
II. Clinical Course    4
III. Diagnostic Criteria    5
IV. Epidemiology and Risk Factors    7
V. Etiology    7
VI. Interdisciplinary Treatment and Recovery    8
Family-Focused Therapy    8
Psychoeducational Therapy    9
Psychoeducational Therapy, Social and Interpersonal Rhythm Therapy    9
VII. Primary Care Barriers    9
VIII. Nursing Management    10
IX. Pharmaceutical Management    11
Conclusion    12
References    13
Introduction
The report addresses the discussion of Bipolar disorder that causes the changes in people's mood, energy level and capacity of function. However, the report starts with a clear description of Bipolar disorder and discusses the clinical course. Similarly, the diagnostic criteria of the disorder have also included the discussion for a better understanding.
The further discussion of the report shed light on the risk, etiology and epidemiology factors on the disorder. Apart from this, the report focuses on several relevant factors such as treatment and recovery, primary barriers in care service and nursing management on the issues. However, the report ends with the role of Pharmaceutical Management.
I. Description of Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is recognized as a mental disorder that causes mood swings, changes in energy level and an effect on the functional ability of a person. However, a person who is suffering from Bipolar disorder can be observed in an intense state of emotions and it occurs with him or her in a distinct period of days-week. This state of mind is also recognized as a mood episode that affects the energy level of that person and affects their functional activities (Yocum, Zhai, McInnis & Han, 2021).
However, mood episodes can be categorized as manic/hypomanic or depressive mood. Similarly, it has been found that people who are suffering from Bipolar disorder also underlie neutral mood episodes. In this context, it can be observed that the fluctuation of mood or mood swings is a common factor that is found in normal people but in the case of people who are suffering from Bipolar disorder can hold their change mood for days or even weeks.
They are found energetic and do not have any excitement. An extreme degree of behavioral changes can be observed in their character and they have experienced difficulties addressing their daily routine work. Apart from this, it has also been observed that people who are underlying the issue of Bipolar disorder often face difficulties interacting with people due to their mood disorder.
A person who is suffering from Bipolar disorder cannot balance their life and it affects their relationship with their family members and causes their loneliness (Tsapekos et al., 2020). They cannot even feel energetic enough to do their normal daily work and that increases their depression level. Anxiety, fear and many symptoms they can experience due to their mood disorder.
There may be various causes behind this mental disorder, such as disrupted sleep, stress, and consumption of alcohol, drugs and many more, which trigger the mood episode of vulnerable people. After thorough research, it has been found that the issues can begin at age of 25 and the specific reason is imbalanced chemicals in the brain that lead to deregulated brain activities.
II. Clinical Course
Research studies reveal that Bipolar disorder is acknowledged worldwide as one of the major causes behind chronic disability. However, in terms of illness cost, the Bipolar disorder cost has been accounted at several million dollars. In this context, the research studies reveal that the scope of Bipolar disorder can be increased among those people who have experienced any bad incident, abuse, habituation to alcohol, drugs.
Similarly, the consequence of research studies also shed light on the factor that people who have experienced any past treatment or are associated with any anti-depression agents (Aldinger & Schulze, 2017). Furthermore, the cross-generational transformation has become another drive that increases the number of Bipolar disorder patients throughout the world. However, the imbalance of DNA sequence is another reason that can generate mood disorders among the patients who transfer their gender.
However, the clinical curse of Bipolar disorder illustrates that the patient who is suffering from this disorder cannot respond to lithium carbonate as they can before and that affects the nervous system. As per the Clinicians knowledge, Bipolar disorder is a type of recurrent disorder. Moreover, they also stated that a range of environmental stress has become an active driver that leads to the progress of recurrent episodes of the disorder for a long time.
Nonetheless, it is the cause behind the generation of the "kindling Hypothesis" that posits the disturbance in relative action of the brain and reflects the episodic nature of the illness. In this context, Anti-seizure medication has been preferred by several patients to deal with the disorder that replaces lithium carbonate gradually. At the same time, valproic acid is also is in use to prevent this disorder, which acts as a biological mechanism on kindling phenomenon (Duffy, Goodday, Keown-Stoneman & Grof, 2019).
On the other hand, the clinical course of Bipolar disorder has taken as the clinical subject to treat by psychological treatment. Clinicians often focus on psychological factors to prepare proper psychotherapeutic model including family-focused medication, problem-solving training and many more that paper as the clinical course of Bipolar disorder.
III. Diagnostic Criteria
As per the clinical research, it has been found that Bipolar disorder needs to be diagnosed when a person is suffering from this disorder and feels extremely energetic and has experienced the feelings of the top of the world or led by an extreme level of irritating mood. However, hypomanic episodes and neutral mood both are accounted for as symptoms of this disorder and require a diagnosis. A person who is in a manic episode and experiences a swing mood throughout the week either extreme energetic or sad it requires diacaustic. Testing is the first criteria of diagnosis for Bipolar disorder. However, the test for Bipolar disorder is not as simple as other tests as there is not a profound symptom, which can be observed for the disease (Hidalgo-Mazzei et al.,...