Content: 1500 words; Health care systems report card; in your country of choice (not Australia);key data and performance measures. Using the provided pro-forma, develop a document that describes the...

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Content: 1500 words; Health care systems report card; in your country of choice (not Australia);key data and performance measures. Using the provided pro-forma, develop a document that describes the state of health care systems in a particular country, utilising web-based information and Data, write a ‘report card’ for your chosen country. Access the Proforma for the assignment here. The marking rubric for this assignment is below. Description of Healthcare System Absent entirely or of scant detail 0points Minimal description 2points Satisfactory and informative 3points Richly descriptive with strong detail as evidence of excellent research 6points Healthcare expenditure, access and quality metrics description Absent entirely or of scant detail 0points Minimal description 2points Satisfactory and informative 3points Richly descriptive with strong detail as evidence of excellent research 6points Description of Universal Healthcare coverage indicators Absent entirely or of scant detail 0points Minimal description 2points Satisfactory and informative 3points Richly descriptive with strong detail as evidence of excellent research 6points Quality of expression Written expression requiring development 0points Good, satisfactory level of expression 2points Outstanding use of language and meaning making 3points Formatting, completeness, presentation An incomplete and/or poorly formatted and presented submission 0points Satisfactory presentation with most elements present and complete 2points High quality information sources, attention to detail and presentation to a high level 3points Description of major challenges to healthcare system Absent entirely or of scant detail 0points Challenges described but with little insight evident 2points Some understanding evident 3points High levels of understanding and critical thinking evident 6points Grading criteria Description of Healthcare System Absent entirely or of scant detail 0points Minimal description 2points Satisfactory and informative 3points Richly descriptive with strong detail as evidence of excellent research  6points Healthcare expenditure, access and quality metrics description Absent entirely or of scant detail 0points Minimal description 2points Satisfactory and informative 3points Richly descriptive with strong detail as evidence of excellent research  6points Description of Universal Healthcare coverage indicators Absent entirely or of scant detail 0points Minimal description 2points Satisfactory and informative 3points Richly descriptive with strong detail as evidence of excellent research  6points Quality of expression Written expression requiring development 0points Good, satisfactory level of expression 2points Outstanding use of language and meaning making 3points Formatting, completeness, presentation An incomplete and/or poorly formatted and presented submission 0points Satisfactory presentation with most elements present and complete 2points High quality information sources, attention to detail and presentation to a high level 3points Description of major challenges to healthcare system Absent entirely or of scant detail 0points Challenges described but with little insight evident 2points Some understanding evident 3points High levels of understanding and critical thinking evident 6points Last modified-Submission comments Comments (0) Health Care Systems Report Card: > Prepared by: >, > General description of health care systems In approximately 200 words… describe providers, training systems for health professionals, structures (both governance and physical structures), and provide a broad overview of health financing Health care expenditure In approximately 150 words…Summarise Total Healthcare Expenditure per capita; percentage out of pocket and percentage government spend; Describe how much is spent and by whom? Universal healthcare coverage indicators In approximately 150 words …Describe whether this country has achieved (or provides) Universal Healthcare, and what the role of insurers is. What model of healthcare finance and provision does this country have? Healthcare Access and Quality metrics In approximately 150 words…present metrics of healthcare access and quality. You may wish to present metrics over a period of years, and/or a comparison with other countries. This section will likely contain graphs and/or tables Major challenges In approximately 350 words…Identify what you consider to be the major challenges facing the healthcare system of your chosen country, and what might be done to meet these challenges. These could include particular health conditions, challenges in funding models, the influences of demographic patterns (e.g. an ageing population, a young population, mixed cultural migrant populations etc…) Information sources Provide a list of publications and/or web-based information sources used for this task In-text referencing is NOT required. Files/HLTH 5201 lecture 1.pptx Healthcare Systems – History and Typology Prof Craig Williams Health and Aged Care Systems and Operations HLTH 5201 What was the nature of the healthcare system?... Key chronological events for healthcare quality improvement National Healthcare Service (NHS, Beveridge Model), 1948 National ‘Elf Sir William Beveridge in the United Kingdom, establishment of centralized national health service. Government acts as the single-payer, removing all competition in the market to keep costs low and standardize benefits. Strong control the national health service controls what "in-network" providers can do and what they can charge. Funded by taxes, there are no out-of-pocket fees for patients or any cost-sharing. Everyone is guaranteed the same access to care, and nobody will ever receive a medical bill. Potential risk of overutilization - rising costs and higher taxes. UK, Used by the United Kingdom, Spain, New Zealand, Cuba, Hong Kong, and the Veterans Health Administration in the U.S. Bismarck model End of the 19th century by Otto von Bismarck Within the Bismarck model, employers and employees are responsible for funding their health insurance system through "sickness funds" created by payroll deductions. Private insurance plans also cover every employed person, regardless of pre-existing conditions, and the plans aren't profit-based. Providers and hospitals are generally private, though insurers are public. In some instances, there is a single insurer (France, Korea). Other countries, like Germany and the Czech Republic, have multiple competing insurers. However, the government controls pricing, much like under the Beveridge model. Unlike the Beveridge model, the Bismarck model doesn't provide universal health coverage. It requires employment for health insurance, so it allocates its resources to those who contribute financially. The primary criticism of the Bismarck model is how to provide care for those who are unable to work or can't afford contributions, including aging populations and the imbalance between retirees and employees. Used by Germany, Belgium, Japan, Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, and some employer-based healthcare plans in the U.S. The national health insurance model Government acts as the single-payer for medical procedures. However, like the Bismarck model, providers are private. The national health insurance model is driven by private providers, but the payments come from a government-run insurance program that every citizen pays into. Universal insurance that doesn't make a profit or deny claims. This balance between private and public gives hospitals and providers more freedom without the frustrating complexity of insurance plans and policies. Cons: potential for long waiting lists and delays in treatment, used by Canada, Taiwan, and South Korea, and similar to Medicare in the U.S. Devil is in the detail… https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/new-immigrants/new-life-canada/health-care-card.html The out-of-pocket model most common in less-developed areas and countries where there aren't enough financial resources to create another type of medical system. Patients must pay for their procedures out of pocket. Healthcare driven by income. Used in some parts of India, China, Africa, South America, and uninsured or underinsured populations in the U.S. OECD 1987 Financing and Delivering Healthcare Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 38 member countries oecd.org/about/members-and-partners/ Cooperation, development Includes health and aged care Financing and Delivering Healthcare Three basic models National Health Service Model Social Insurance Model Private Insurance Model Plus… Out of pocket Healthcare system typologies Various available over the years Systems change through time Consider: Finance Governance Provision However, healthcare systems models are not simple Canada: https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/new-immigrants/new-life-canada/health-care-card.html United States: https://www.usa.gov/health-insurance Wendt 2009 classification Finance measures – easiest to measure Total Healthcare Expenditure (THE) Total resources in healthcare, % of GDP per capita Public-private mix of healthcare financing Public health expenditure as % of THE Private out-of-pocket payment (OOP) Patient contribution as % of THE Wendt 2009 classification - eight criteria out-patient healthcare provision in-patient healthcare provision entitlement to healthcare remuneration of medical doctors patients’ access to healthcare providers Where are the data from? OECD health data https://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/health-statistics.htm Reliance on GPs and Pharmacists vs Specialists and Nurses as a % of the OECD average Remuneration 0 = fee for service 1 = capitation (fixed fee for n patients) 2 = salary Access to GP 0 = free choice of GP 1 = sign up to GP list Access to specialist 0 = free choice direct access 1 = skip and pay 2 = referral from GP Variation in systems - funding Total Health Expenditure (THE) Big range Turkey $421 per head – USA $5052 per head Files/HLTH 5201 lecture 2.pptx Healthcare Systems: Australia Prof Craig Williams Health and Aged Care Systems and Operations HLTH 5201 History of the Australian Healthcare system 19th Century: Public hospitals were charitable institutions – staff worked pro bono Private hospitals run by religious orders emerged for more affluent patients Community-based care provided by doctors on a fee-for-service Example: the ‘Adelaide Hospital’ 1836-41: Colonial ‘surgeon’ provided medical care 1838: South Australian colony bankrupt partially because of spending on healthcare 1841: Adelaide Hospital opened Responsibility of the Colony/State Commonwealth legislation 1901: Commonwealth legislated that States were responsible for health, Commonwealth only responsible for quarantine 1918: influenza outbreak stimulated thinking about Commonwealth coordination of services EVERYONE SHALL WEAR A MASK! ‘Those who are not doing so are not showing their independence — they are only showing their indifference for the lives of others — for the lives of the women and helpless little children who cannot help themselves.’ Proclamation of NSW Government regulations, Sydney Morning Herald, 2 February 1919 History of the Australian Healthcare system 1921: Commonwealth Dept Health formed Research and Development 1926: Federal Health Council formed 1937: National Health and Medical Research Council Until mid-20th Century – user pays except for charitable hospitals After WWII – repatriation health care Commonwealth ‘Repatriation Commission’ Australian Soldiers Repatriation Act (1920) Veterans Entitlements Act (1986) Financing healthcare Late 19th - early 20th century – ‘Friendly Societies’ patients could have ‘sickness funds’; insurance for health and income e.g. Australian Unity Curtin Labor government (1941-1949) attempted to reform the health system to create a national health insurance scheme Financing healthcare Medical profession generally resistance to national insurance Hospital Benefits Act 1946 Commonwealth subsidies for hospital beds to the States Pharmaceutical Benefits Act 1950 nationally subsidised pharmaceuticals National Health Act 1953 – largely in place today The Liberal Coalition government under Prime Minister Menzies and his successors (1949–1972) introduced the National Health Act 1953, four main pillars of the Australian post-war health care system: the pharmaceuticals benefits scheme, the hospital benefits scheme (Commonwealth funding for state hospitals), pensioner medical services enacted in 1951 medical benefits scheme (which subsidized medical costs for members of non-profit health insurance schemes). The National Health Act 1953 remains in force Whitlam government 1972-75: the Health Insurance Commission Attempted introduction of national health insurance scheme funded by taxation Opposed and defeated in senate but eventually passed 1975 – Medibank created, administered by the Health Insurance Commission Patients could be billed the schedule fee for a medical service and claim 85% back from the Health Insurance Commission, or doctors could bill the Health Insurance Commission directly for their patients (‘bulk billing’) and accept 85% of the schedule fee as full payment
Answered 2 days AfterAug 13, 2021

Answer To: Content: 1500 words; Health care systems report card; in your country of choice (not Australia);key...

Neha answered on Aug 15 2021
138 Votes
HEALTHCARE SYSTEM REPORT CARD
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Description Of Healthcare System    3
Healthcare Expenditure    4
Universal Healthcare Coverage Indicators    4
Healthcare Access and Quality Metrics    5
Description Of Major Challenges to Healthcare System    5
Conclusion    6
References    8
Appendices    10
Introduction
The report will identify healthcare facilities of Canada and evaluate the
strategies and structures covered by Canadian government in terms of healthcare facilities. Healthcare is one of the most important factors of a country and the report will evaluate how much the countries has provided for the Health Care policies and how it has helped them in recovering the basic requirements of the citizens of Canada. Policies, financial distribution and major challenges faced by the health care facilities of Canada will be analysed. Based on the demographic patterns of the country the research will focus on the overall Healthcare system report and its quality metrics.
Description Of Healthcare System
The health care system in Canada is territorial and provincial where a publicly funded Healthcare facility is provided to the citizens of Canada, which is informally called Medicare. The Healthcare facilities provided by the Canada Health Care act of 1984 and it is commissioned by Royal Commission where are the axis of the public Healthcare has been presented as a fundamental value for the citizens of the country to ensure National Healthcare service for all. Although Medicare provides only 70% of the health care needs of Canadian citizens and the rest of the 30% are covered by private Healthcare facilities. The medical professionals of both the Healthcare facilities are properly trained through various Government and non-government institutions. The structure of Canadian Healthcare facilities is not entirely dependent on the medical insurance provided by the government and any private institutions. Prescribed drugs, eye care and dental Care are not provided by the medical insurances but some of the medical insurance suicide is waited for the elderly and people from below poverty level.
The Canadian government has many other insurances that help in providing for the elderly people who cannot pay they’re on medical bills. The healthcare system of Canada follows the National Health Insurance model by the government is the single payer of medical procedures and some of the other insurances are provided by private facilities where it is entirely dependent on the individual to choose their preferred medical insurance. The balance that the insurance model provides to both public and private associations are more helpful for the citizens of the country because it did it's them to be inducted into more complex plans and policies of Health Care Insurance. According to the Canadian Institute of Health information on the Healthcare spending of the country is 242 billion dollars which is 11.5 % of the GDP of Canada. According to expenditure of healthcare facilities Canada has ranked 11th among the OECD Healthcare systems in the world.
Healthcare Expenditure
The total expenditure of Canadian Health Services carries a sufficient amount of the total gross domestic production or GDP of the country. The aging population of Canada has shown an increase of approximately 1% years and according to the 2020 statistics survey of Canada 69% of the Canadian citizens have reported that they have got an excellent physical health which has been at least 60% improvement from 2018. Canada spends a lot on their healthcare facilities they have been rank among the eleventh healthcare expenditures who have invested on per capita Healthcare services for the citizens. The average expenditure of healthcare facilities for the Canadian citizens shows the quality of Canadian healthcare services which have been marked as one of the most excellent facilities in the world.
There is a Health Insurance card that each of the Canadian citizen must have in order...
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