task attached and also Attached files for references
Task 1 – Safe Design Standard Operating Procedure This assessment task requires the development of a Standard Operating Procedure for inclusion of safety in design. You should refer to the examples (Queensland Urban Utilities and Australian Rail Track Corporation ATRC) as a basis for the document you produce. Assume you are engaged by a civil engineering organisation that undertakes civil engineering and design for public infrastructure works. As part of meeting your obligations under the WHS Act and Regulations 2011 you are required to prepare a safety report and issue this to the client where the client is a Person Conducting A Business or Undertaking (PCBU). The aim of this report is to help prevent possibly future injuries or death by identifying, assessing and eliminating hazards or potential risks at the design stage. You also have a legal obligation to do this under the legislation, specifically regulation 295 of the WHS Regulation 2011. You also have an obligation under section 22 of the WHS Act to provide information on how you have designed the structure to be without risk to health and safety during construction, maintenance, use and demolition to anyone who is issued with a copy of the design. This information can be incorporated into the safe design report required under the WHS Regulation. Your standard operating procedure document must ensure these requirements are met in the designs developed by your organisation. Observation Checklist Observation Criteria S NS Advised decision-makers of their duties under WHS laws to manage WHS risks throughout a product’s life cycle Sourced and made available to decision-makers the most current information and data on WHS principles, materials, technology and systems that apply to product design Advised on methods and tools that can support WHS hazard identification and WHS risk assessment throughout a product’s life cycle Identified and addressed learning and development needs of decision- makers to manage WHS risks that may arise during a product’s life cycle, including during its design phase Advised on consultation with known and/or potential users of the product during the design phase, according to organisational policies and procedures Identified situations where specialist and other advisers may be required to support safe design activities Advised on selection and implementation of required WHS risk controls in design, based on the hierarchy of control measures Advised on documentation requirements relating to decision-making during risk assessment process Advised on establishment of a residual WHS risk register and distribution of this information to those involved in downstream or subsequent product life-cycle stages Advised on monitoring the design as it evolves, to identify and manage potential WHS hazards that may arise during product life cycle and their associated risks Identified and addressed learning and development needs of decision- makers in relation to managing design-related WHS risks in a product’s life cycle Observation Criteria S NS Supported decision-makers in considering the needs of those using or interacting with product throughout its life cycle Facilitated involvement of technical experts as required according to organisational processes and procedures Advised on consultation arrangements with required personnel during all phases of design process to identify WHS hazards and control WHS risks that may occur throughout a product’s life cycle Advised on communicating residual WHS risks in product to those who will use or interact with the product throughout its life cycle Advised decision-makers involved in purchasing and contractual arrangements to include requirements to identify WHS hazards and control WHS risks, and to provide information and data on residual WHS risks as part of procurement process Advised on including a requirement to carry out a safe design approach in the design brief or draft specifications Considered basic human cognitive and perceptual capabilities and other basic and fundamental factors relevant to the design of human machine interfaces in development of the standard operating procedures (SOP) Outlined basic information about relevant psychosocial factors, occupational violence, shift work, repetitive work, awkward postures, lighting, thermal environment and work layout in SOP Outlined the basics of anthropometry and biomechanics in SOP 1 Safety In Design In Construction: An Introduction JUNE 2019 2 Introduction 3 Who is a designer? 3 Safety in design 4 The design project lifecycle 4 Benefits of safety in design 5 Person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) 6 Responsibilities of upstream PCBUs 7 The three Cs 8 Steps to ensuring health and safety in design 9 Step 1: Engage with your client 10 Step 2: Research and brainstorm 11 Step 3: Understand the health and safety risks 12 Step 4: Sense check/test for safety 18 Step 5: Provide information 18 Step 6: Review 20 Your checklist 20 How Site Safe can help 20 Other resources 20 CONTENTS 3 This guide is designed to help you as a designer of structures, and those that work with you, understand the basics of safety in design, so your work will not put anyone’s health and safety at risk. As a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) in design, it is good business practice, and a legal requirement, for you to create designs that will reduce risk to the safety of clients, builders, users, those who service and maintain the structure, and any other people who could be affected by your work. The best and most cost-effective way to do this is to plan for health and safety right from the start, when design decisions can most proactively influence the way buildings and structures are constructed, used and maintained – Safety in Design. Safety in design is about changing the health and safety outcomes throughout the lifecycle of a project or asset. This is achieved by embedding safety concepts at the earliest stages of project development. In developing this approach and implementing it efficiently, the costs of every stage of a project, as well as its long-term costs, tend to be reduced. A safe design requires a good understanding of human behaviour - it’s not just about reducing injuries and deaths; it also leads to better staff morale for those who will work on and with your designs, higher productivity and reduced ongoing costs for you and your client. Other PCBUs, such as clients and contractors, will also find this guide useful in helping to ensure the designers they have engaged are meeting their duties and delivering a quality project. The Health and Safety at Work Act requirement is the designer must, so far as is practicable, ensure that the plant, substance or structure is designed to be without risks to the health and safety of persons. Designers include those who direct, constrain, undertake or alter designs. The following groups can have responsibilities as a designer to a greater or lesser extent depending on their involvement: › Architects, engineers, interior designers, landscape architects, town planners, building service designers, temporary works engineers, planners, architectural designers. › Owners, clients and project managers because they direct or constrain designs and are responsible for employing suitably qualified persons to undertake the design. › Contractors undertaking works when they alter or change a design or materials in such a way that it changes the safety outcomes for an asset. INTRODUCTION WHO IS A DESIGNER? 4 SAFETY IN DESIGN As “upstream PCBUs”, designers are in a prime position to influence the health and safety aspects of the products and structures they design before they are built and used in work situations. As the lifecycle of a design project progresses, the ability to influence the design for health and safety decreases and the cost of incorporating health and safety strategies increases, as shown in Figure 1. A design project should assess and incorporate considerations of every lifecycle stage of a structure – from conception and design through to construction, use for purpose, maintenance and repair, decommissioning or repurposing, and eventually to demolition. THE DESIGN PROJECT LIFECYCLE Conception Design Construction Demolition Use for purpose, maintenance & repair Decommission/ Repurposing Co nc ep t De m ol iti on Pr el im in ar y De sig n De ta il of De sig n Op er at io n & M ai nt en an ce Co ns tru ct io n Figure 1: Symberszki chart of influence over a product’s life cycle (adapted from Symberszki, R, (1997), Construction Project Safety Planning. TAPPI Journal, 80 (11), 69–74) Ability to influence safety of the design Cost to manage health and safety risks Under the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015, the end users – the workers who will work in or with a building or structure you design, and/or anyone who will be affected by it — have the right to the best level of health and safety protection that is reasonably practicable. Foreseeing and managing potential health and safety risks early in the design stage is far cheaper and much more effective than mitigating risks during construction, or retrofitting for health and safety later in the lifecycle of a design project. 5 There are many benefits from safety in design, some of which include: ✓ Significant reductions in work-related ill health and injuries – particularly during the construction and maintenance stages of a project lifecycle ✓ Improvement in the health and wellbeing of workers ✓ Reductions in damage to property and the environment – with associated reductions in related costs ✓ Elimination of potential hazards at the beginning of the project – which is often cheaper and easier than minimising their effects later in the lifecycle ✓ More efficient and effective risk management at the design stage rather than retrofitting for health and safety during the use and maintenance stages ✓ Reductions in operational maintenance and litigation costs when things go wrong With these benefits in mind, good designers seek to incorporate safety by design concepts and details into every aspect of their designs and for every stage of the project lifecycle. BENEFITS OF SAFETY IN DESIGN Safety in design is NOT about: › Stifling the creativity of designers; rather it encourages imagination and innovation › Requiring designers to specify standard construction processes › Requiring designers to take into account unforeseeable hazards › Requiring designers to spend meaningless time on paperwork; efficient and transparent procedures will minimise effort and paperwork › Developing site safety plans which address typical construction risks. This is expected to be the responsibility of the contractor once appointed. Design for safe construction Design considerations Design for safe demolition Design for safe modification Design for safe use Design for safe inspection Design for safe maintenance and repair 6 All PCBUs must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of people is not put at risk by the work it undertakes. This is the PCBU’s primary duty of care. Examples of who might be affected by a PCBU’s activities are shown in the following figure. PERSON CONDUCTING A BUSINESS OR UNDERTAKING (PCBU) All PCBUs have a range of duties that they must, so far as is reasonably practicable, meet as shown in the following figure. Visitors to the workplaceMembers of the public People who work for the PCBU – includes contractors, subcontractors and their workers People whose work activities are influenced or directed by the PCBU, such as contractors or other workers at a shared workplace Provide and maintain a work environment that is without risk to health and safety Provide and maintain safe plant, structures and systems of work Ensure safe use, handling and storage of plant, substances and structures used for work Provide information, training instruction and/or supervision to protect all persons from risk to health and safety Monitor the health and safety of workers and conditions at the workplace for the purpose of preventing injury and illness. Engage workers and/or their representatives about decisions on health and safety in the workplace REASONABLY PRACTICABLE DUTIES OF PCBUS PCBU Duties - Primary Duty of Care Duties of PCBUs PEOPLE WHO MAY BE AFFECTED BY A PCBU’S WORK Provide adequate facilities for the welfare of the workers at work. 7 Designers may also be what is known as ‘upstream PCBUs’. These designers have specific duties as PCBUs as shown in the following figure. RESPONSIBILITIES OF UPSTREAM PCBUS › design structures or other works where people will, or may occasionally, work or require access for operation and maintenance › design things for use at a workplace, or › install, build or commission plant, or structures that will be used as a workplace Designers who: Duties of designers as upstream PCBUs – so far is reasonably practicable: › ensure that structures, plant and substances are without health and safety risk