Test 1

Answer -1
As we know that approximate 60 to 80 percentage of product cost is decided at design
phase, so if we need to reduce the cost of product, we will have to reduce cost of
product before design phase. Correct setting of cost of a product is the key of success
of business. For example if $20 is consumed to produce a product and product is going
to market with sale price of $15 then it will lead to the business in risk and business will
be in loss and if we consider on other hand if cost is set to sale at $30, then
management has to research about competitor’s product price in market because
customer will always prefer product having less cost with high quality.
So in order to fix the correct price, designer and research team has to carry out
following tasks as mentioned below…
 Deep research of current market of product
 Competitive strategy and intelligence
 Customer requirement
 Product strategy and plan of profit
 Feasibility and fundamental of product
 Design and development
Let us understand what types of costs are decided during design phase.
 Cost of Main raw materials
 Cost of Auxiliary raw materials
 Fixed cost ( building , machineries)
 Cost of human resources
 Time consumption or production cycle of time
Answer -2
Bicycle frame design – selection of materials
Material selection for bicycle frame is the key factor during designing of an ultra cool
bicycle. During selection of material for bicycle we need to consider the following terms
 Speed
 Comfort
 Elastic modulus
 Weight or density
 Method of joining
 Endurance limit or tensile strength
 Yield strength
 Cost and potential of recycling
Bicycle frame material selection describes the weight of bicycle; it is proved that frame
consist approximate 68 % weight and 49 % cost of complete bicycle. Material should be
light as it will help to gain the smart speed but it must be noted that light material
selection of bicycle should be balanced by other factors.
Materials that we should select for bicycle frame designing are as mentioned below-
 Steel alloy
 Composites
 Aluminum
 Titanium alloy
Aluminum will be the best material for designing of bicycle frame because
 Lesser denser as compared to steel , so it will provide lighter frame
 Aluminum will not be affected by oxidation as steel
 Stiffness will be good as compared to steel
 Less costly as compared to titanium alloy
Other properties of materials are described in following table
A common dimension of frame is normally used as 22 in
On the basis of total weight of tube in lb, we may estimate the cost to acquire the frame
material – Aluminum from above...