Answer To: A Guided Study American Intergovernmental Relations: A Fragmented Federal Polity Chapter 5...
Ishika answered on Sep 30 2021
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1. The period from 1960 to 1968 was called Creative Federalism by Lyndon Johnson's administration. It was also known as picket fence federalism. Creative federalism encourages the federal government, which therefore offers the tools, to decide what the states need. It changed powers into the federal government, which is expressed in social and welfare reforms under the Johnson administration in the 1960s, where federal aid to states was dependent on the adoption of a set of federally established goals. Through categorical grants and legislation, the federal government took a more active position with local governments. While creative Federalism led to a combination of the central government, state, and local government. It demonstrated also the powers of the federal government over the nations, with control over government funding. (Johnson's Great Society Programme)
Money, authority, and coordination runs from national to state and local governments vertically (pickets), as creative federalism. The numerous intergovernmental concerns (education, health, and housing) are included in each picket. The central, state, and local authorities are the horizontal links. This shows how the national government is now linked directly to the local governments through its policies, which enable all levels of government to intervene.
2. A landmark for federal-state-local fiscal ties is the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972. This law is intended to help our strongly urged governments and state authorities resolve their severe financial problems and preserve their financial soundness. Concluding that many localities face significant financial crises, the Congress concluded. This financial issue has been greatly compounded by local governments by rising inflation costs. The recent increase in revenues due to sluggish economic conditions was also accentuated by the lower than normal growth. By giving state and local authorities a new, radically different type of aid, the State and Local Fiscal Assistance Act of 1972 contributes significantly to addressing those problems. In the past, the Federal Government has provided State and local governments with very significant funding. however, this was categorically expended for reasons that were usually quite strictly prescribed, and that did not allow for a great deal of flexibility for state and local governments to use funds. Congress thus agreed that the State and the local governments needed to have the freedom to use the funds to their specific circumstances for the most critical purposes. These needs are addressed by the Act. The tax help given under this Act varies from the proposals that have been made for the Federal government to share the funds with the States and localities in many fundamental respects.
3. The Big Seven is a non-partisan, non-profit organization composed of the U.S. state and local government officials. The Big seven are:
1. Council of State governments-CSG is a non-partisan, non-profit association representing all three branches of state government in the United States. CSG is a region-based forum to promote the sharing of ideas and perspectives to assist government leaders in influencing public policy.
2. International City / County Management Association-It is an association of local government management professionals.
3. The National Association of Counties (NACo)- NACo is an organization that represents county governments in the United States.It is the only political body in the United States that serves county governments.
4 The National Conference of State Legislatures- It is a non-partisan group of elected officers made up of state legislators from States, territories, and the United States Commonwealth.
5. National Governors Association- It is an American political body established in 1908. The members of the organization are the governors of 55 nations, territories, and communities. Members come from all over the political spectrum to...