Required resources ▪Computer with internet connection to access online resources. ▪Log in credentials to access the Moodle platform. ▪Textbook reference: ▪Abbott, B. and De Vries, S...

Required resources


▪    Computer with internet connection to access online resources.
▪    Log in credentials to access the Moodle platform.
▪    Textbook reference:
▪    Abbott, B. and De Vries, S. (2016). Monitoring and Administration of IV Medication for the Enrolled Nurse, Cengage, China.
▪    Brotto, V., Rafferty, K., 2016, ‘Clinical Dosage Calculations for Australia & New Zealand’, 2nd edition, Cengage, Australia.
▪    Broyles, B., Reiss, B., McKenzie, G., Pleunik, S., Page, R., 2016, ‘Pharmacology in nursing: Australian & New Zealand edition’, 2nd edition, Cengage, China.
▪    Bryant, B., Knights, K., Darroch, S., Rowland, A., 2019, ‘Pharmacology for health professionals’, 5th edition, Elsevier, China
▪    Redmond, H. (2016). Chapter 24 Medication administration and monitoring. In Koutoukidis, G, Stainton, K & Hughson, J. Tabbner's nursing care. (7th ed.). Elsevier, China.
▪    Tollefson, J., Watson, G., Jelly, E. and Tambree, K. (2019). Essential Clinical Skills: Enrolled Nurses. 4th ed. Cengage, China.
▪    eMIMS (MIMS Online) or MIMS Annual handbook

▪    Website reference:
▪    Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. (2012). NSQHS Standards fact sheet – Standard 3: Preventing and controlling healthcare associated infections. Retrieved from https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/publications/nsqhs-standards-fact-sheet-standard-3preventing-and-controlling-healthcare-associated-infections/
▪    Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2016). Fact sheet: Enrolled nurses and medicine administration. Retrieved from http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-
Statements/FAQ/Enrolled-nurses-and-medicine-administration.aspx
▪    SA Health. (2012). Controlled Substances Legislation. Retrieved from http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/about+us/ legislation/controlled+substances+legislation/controlled+substances+legislation
▪    SA Health. (2012). Scheduling of medicines and poisons. Retrieved from http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/about+us/ legislation/controlled+substances+legislation/scheduling+of+medicines+and+poisons
Evidence submission:


▪    The knowledge questions are required to be answered on Moodle.
▪    Ensure you log in to the Moodle platform using the user credential provided to you.
▪    Answers must be entered in the space provided for each question.

Competency assessment:


▪    To be deemed Satisfactory for this assessment, you must provide satisfactory answers to all knowledge questions. To authenticate the veracity of your work, the assessor will query you on the answers provided.
▪    You must refer to various online and on-campus resources and provide an appropriate description for each question in a well-structured paragraph and in your own words, incorporating at least three specific points for each question (or each part of the question, if there are different aspects asked in the same question) if a specific number of points is not specified. Definitions of any terminology can be provided in a sentence.
▪    You must analyse information on each question appropriately referring to various resources and synthesise an appropriate response. You must ensure your answer addresses all aspects of the question asked and must demonstrate an in-depth understanding of theoretical knowledge and concepts.
▪    Any candidate not achieving a Satisfactory outcome for any question, will be allowed to repeat the question and resubmit the assessment tool through Moodle (second attempt).
▪    If the assessment outcome is Not Yet Satisfactory after the second attempt, any further intervention strategies will be planned in accordance with EQUALS’ Assessment Policy.
▪    You must use Harvard referencing style where required, e.g. when using direct quotes, although you are encouraged to keep these to a minimum. For more information, refer to EQUALS’ Style Guide available from the Student Centre in Moodle.
▪    You must answer questions fully and accurately while keeping within the requirements of word limits.

Reasonable adjustment provided, if applicable (to be completed by the assessor):










 

Knowledge questions


1.    Refer to the enrolled nurses and medicine administration fact sheet. Summarise the legal requirements for practice parameters of enrolled nurse outlined in the fact sheet in relation to the administration of medications including intravenous route of medication administration.
For enrolled nurses, the basic practice parameter, as mentioned in the fact sheet, is to obtain the formal degree in conducting the intravenous route to medication and administration; they should have completed successfully the required training period before administering the given process. It should also be supervised by the senior member of the team as well (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2016).
2.    Identify and briefly describe the key objectives of the Health (Drugs and Poisons) Regulations applicable to your State/Territory.
There is Controlled Substance Act of 1984, which is applied to the application of the key objectives of drug and poison to ensure patient’s safety and wellbeing. At the same time, this act is further revised in 2011 to add some more norms related to the usages of poisonous drugs in the process of cure (SA Health, 2012).
3.    Identify and briefly describe the key objectives of the Drugs and Poisons Acts applicable to your State/Territory.
The key objectives of the act are subjected to the control and monitoring process of the patent drugs, which should not be prescribed or distributed without the expert supervision. The act guides the clinical expert for the use of such potent drugs that can have negative impacts over the health of the patient, if they are taken without expert guidance and prescription (SA Health, 2012).
4.    Identify and briefly describe three (3) NMBA or ICN codes and guidelines that provide a framework for enrolled nurse practice.
The Code of Conduct for Nurses (NMBA, 2017) or ICN has three basic principles that are applied with regard to guide the enrolled nurses for practice. These principles are related to the active engagement in the promotional activities related to healthcare, preventive steps taken to control illness as well as to ensure that alleviation of suffering is done during the process of treatment (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2016).
5.    Briefly describe the key intention of Standard 3 ‘Preventing and Controlling Health Care Associated Infections’ of National Safety and Quality Health Standard (NSQHS).
Standard 3 is guided by the principle of controlling the antimicrobial resistance through giving proper medication, which is prescribed under clinical supervision. The basic aim is to control such infections, which are unexpected and affect the overall health of the patients.
6.    What is meant by Visual Infusion Phlebitis Score (VIPS)? Briefly explain its significance in your nursing practice.
VIPS is the tool that has been applied to supervise the sites of infusion with a view to determine that proper discontinuation is processed for peripheral intravenous catheters. As enrolled nurse, one should keep in mind that this process is necessary to control any infection that can be spread in the past treatment protocol taken for the patient (SA Health, 2012).
7.    Interpret the following schedules of medications and provide two (2) examples of each of these schedules:
a.    Schedule 2:
These are the drugs and preparations, which do not require prescriptions. Examples may include the use of conventional drugs use for curing viral fever.
b.    Schedule 3:
Schedule 3 drugs require the opinion and monitoring of the pharmacist; the management process of these drugs is, however, substantially safe. These drugs may include curing the internal pains.
c.    Schedule 4:
These drugs and clinical preparations requite formal monitoring through dental or veterinary monitoring and management. These may include, but are not limited to, the use of drugs in the treatment process of pain and internal bleeding.
d.    Schedule 8:
These drugs require strict legal provisions to be followed as they can cause dependence and addiction. Examples may include marijuana or morphine for pain management.
8.    Complete the following table outlining how you will handle, calculate, administer and store the following forms of medications:
    Forms
    Examples
    Handling
    Calculation
(specify the formula where appropriate)
    Administration
    Storage
    Capsules
    Gelatine capsules

    Easy to swallow
    NA
    Dissolve capsule in 15-30 ml of warm water.
Remove undissolved gelatine.
    Dry and cool place
    Drops
    Amoxicillin eye drops
    Follow doctors’ prescription
    Multiply 2.5 millilitres by 20 drops per millilitre to find 50 drops per bottle. Divide 50 drops per bottle by 4 drops per day
    Pull lower lid gently forming pocket or pouch.
    In the refrigerator and at room temperature
    Inhalants
    Fluticasone

    Throw away the medicine after using 120 sprays
    88 micrograms 2 times per day
    Blow gently the nose with the use of the spray
    Away from direct light and heat
    Liquid
    Dexamethasone
as liquid drug
    Measure dose with care
    NA
    Take with food to preventing an upset stomach
    Do not store in the bathroom
    Lotions and creams
    Tretinoin cream
    Apply a thin layer at night
     NA
    After washing, have a good moisturizer
    Cool and dry place
    Ointments
    Ketoconazole ointment
    Throw away expired or unused drugs
     2% is supplied in 15 g (NDC 16714-955-01), 30 g (NDC 16714-955-02) and 60 g (NDC 16714-955-03) tubes.
    Wash hands after and before using the medicine
    Dry and cool place
    Patches
    Nitro-glycerine patches
    Wash before and after using
    NA
    1 or 2 nitro-glycerine oral spray
    Throw away every patch in the sealed container
    Powders
    Cholestyramine powder
    Take every dose sachets as 1 dose
    NA
    Mix with 2-3 ounces of water
    At room temperature (68 to 77 degree)
    Tablets
    Tab
Acetaminophen
    Do not mix and match dosing devices
    Monitor infusion end for preventing air embolism
    Follow doctor’s prescription
    Do not freeze or refrigerate
    Wafers
    Ondaz Zydis wafers
    Treats vomiting and nausea
    Contain either 4 mg or 8 mg
    It is not addictive
    Room temperature
    Suppositories
    Dulcolax

    Wash hands after and before using
    5mg tablets
    Follow every instruction closely
    Room temperature (20-25 degree)
9.    Briefly describe the following terms relevant to the pharmacology of medications using an example:
▪    Pharmacodynamics:
This branch of pharmacology analyses the process of mechanism and the action of a particular drug over human body. Medication of morphine for pain management can be an option here (SA Health, 2012).
▪    Pharmacokinetics
This is related to the internal processing of a drug in a human body. This branch analyses how a drug is taken, it’s processing and the exerting procedure that human body takes up during the intake of a particular drug (SA Health, 2012).
▪    Pharmacotherapeutics
This branch is mainly concerned with the therapeutic application of the drug and its effects over the body. Legalising marijuana for medicinal purposes can be the example of it.
10.    Discuss the term ‘toxicology’.
Toxicology is the branch of science that studies the harmful or negative impacts of the substances and drugs over the humans and animals. This stream of science is the field of research where the harmful effects of the chemical and the way; they give this harm is studied and predicted thereafter (SA Health, 2012).
11.    Differentiate between adverse reactions and anaphylactic reactions.
Allergic reactions are conventional; they are most commonly found in children and adults and can have mild symptoms. Any person can be allergic to a particular drug, however, anaphylactic reactions are adverse or the severer forms of allergic reactions that can be life threatening.
12.    Discuss the term ‘contraindications’ of a medication using an example.
In contraindication, observations and conclusions are made with a view to the application of a particular drug or surgery process over someone. The degrees of negative impacts are usually analysed in this procedure. For example, the frequent doses of morphine to control internal pain can be an example of it (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2012).
13.    Precautions and side effects are common expressions in medicine administration. Explain both the terms with an example for each.
Precautions are the prior analysis of the medication and administration of the same; they are dependent over specific terms and conditions that clinical experts supervise before prescribing a particular drug to the patient. Side effects are the post impacts of a clinical procedure over the patients and they are also monitored but they are unavoidable due to the mandatory use of a drug or substance in a given case.
14.    What causes the following potential complications of a blood transfusion? Identify a reason for each of these complications.
▪    Pain at IV site and arm:
This might be caused by the persistence of skin infection in the patient or the allergic symptoms towards the external factors.
▪    Acute immune haemolytic reaction with signs and symptoms such as loin pain, nausea, vomiting, haematuria and headache:
This can be sourced from the consistent use of the blood transfusion, wrong usage of the catheter or the incorrect procedure of the blood transfusion.
▪    Urticaria (hives):
Prolonged application of the blood transfusion can cause the appearance of the itchy red marks on skin.
▪    Flushing, chills or fever:
This can be caused by the external environment or through the blood transfusion that is delayed or that does not qualify with the prescribed protocol.
▪    Anxiety:
The loss of blood supply at a normal speed or at a speed that is clinically recommended can cause anxiety.
▪    Wheezing, progressing to cyanosis:
This is associated with point three mentioned above, the persistence of the prescribed speed or the delay in the process of blood transfusion.
▪    Anaphylactic reaction including tachycardia, cardiac arrest or shock that may lead to death:
This reactive condition may be caused by the mismatching of the blood tissues in between the group of the patient and...