Topic : Managing cyber bullying (in victims) with Cognitive behavioral techniques in adolescence.Target problem : Cyber bullying (in victims)Target population : Adolescence Target Intervention : CBT...

Topic : Managing cyber bullying (in victims) with Cognitive behavioral techniques in adolescence.Target problem : Cyber bullying (in victims)Target population : Adolescence
Target Intervention : CBT (Cognitive behavior therapy) techniques.

There are two parts to this assessment task.


Assessment Task 2a involves development of the group intervention, including clear discussion of how the intervention will be conducted and session outlines. The word limit for this part of the assessment task is 3000 words (excluding Appendices). It is worth 50% of your overall mark for the unit.


Assessment Task 2b involves discussion of key aspects of group processes, based on your review of relevant literature. You will need to consider the key aspects of group processes and group dynamics, and write about these in a clear and thoughtful manner. The word limit for this is 800 words,and it is worth 20% of your overall mark for the unit.

I am also attaching the literature review of this topic. This needs to be reviewed in assessment task 2a as mentioned in the marking criteria. I am attaching the marking criterias.



Running Head: Managing Cyber bullying 1 Managing Cyber bullying 2 MANAGING CYBER BULLYING (FOR VICTIMS) WITH COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY TECHNIQUES IN ADOLESCENCE Introduction The onset of modern digital age has remarkably increased the chances of being harassed online. All our friends and family are online. In addition, eventually anyone who swore of the internet has a profile on Facebook. The trend on online businesses and growing globalization requires that everyone must have a profile or presence online. Studies suggest that almost all adolescents and kids that have access to the internet have a profile online. This has markedly increased the incidences of cyber bullying in school. A hateful comment, a potentially bad picture posted online can trigger a chain of bad or snippy comments. Kids have been bullied. Nevertheless, cyber bullying is a new incidence that is on the rise in schools especially among the adolescents. The numbers are threatening and the educators and authorities are looking for new ways to prevent such incidences. Among such issues, the cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT has been widely accepted as a form of treatment for the bullied. Background Target Problem Cyber bullying is the harassment or bullying executed through digital devices like computers, laptops, smart phones, and tablets. The platforms where cyber bullying can occur include social media, chat rooms, and gaming platforms where people can view and participate in the sharing of content (Hinduja & Patchin, 2010). The different types of cyber bullying involve causing humiliation through hateful comments on online platforms/apps, or through SMS or messaging. It comprises posting, sending or sharing negative, nasty or false information about another individual for causing humiliation and character assassination (Slonje & Smith, 2008) Different Types of Cyber Bullying A cognizance of the different types of cyber bullying is necessary. This enables parents and young adults to report cyber bullying and adopt measures to prevent cyber bullying (Slonje & Smith, 2008). Following are some of the common types of cyber bullying: · Publishing an embarrassing or nasty photo or video · Posting hurtful, nasty or humiliating rumors or comments about an individual online · Creating a fake or nasty webpage about another individual · Triggering religious, racial, ethnic or political vitriol online by posting hate comments or content · Issuing online threats provoking an individual to kill themselves or hurt someone else · Faking an identity online to ask for or post personal or fake information about someone (Pieschl, Porsch, Kahl, & Klockenbusch, 2013). Target Population The numbers are unfortunate. Reports suggest that over 50 % of adolescents and teens in school have been bullied online (Hicks, Jennings, Jennings, Berry, & Green, 2018). That means that every 1 in 2 individual has a chance of being bullied in school. Again, around 10 % to 20 % of adolescents and teens report to being bullied in school (Baldry, Farrington, & Sorrentino, 2017). They experience regular cyber bullying from their peers, classmates or even strangers. Less than 1 in 5 number of cyberbullying incidents reported to police. Every 1 in 3 numbers of young people have been threatened online (Chapin, & Brayack, 2016). The incidences vary among boys and girls as well. While girls are more prone to be bullied with 38 % of them that have an online presence report to being cyber bullied, compared to 26 % of boys in the same age group. Adolescents are the most vulnerable population that is subjected to bullying among all the age groups (Hicks, Jennings, Jennings, Berry, & Green, 2018).  Interventions for the bully Bullying occurs as a counter measure of misplaced anger in a child. A kid that bully is also in need of help. There are instances when a child is often abused or hurt in this family or by people close to him, which manifests itself in a form of repressed rage (Slonje, Smith & Frisén, 2013). There are mainly three forms of treatment available to the bully. These include: · Anger Management: Bullying is common in people that have a difficulty in expressing their emotions and their anger and hurt. Anger management is used to help these adolescents expressed their repressed anger in a healthy more mature way (Watson, Rapee & Todorov, 2017). The main purpose of this therapy is to find the root cause of their anger and using various relaxation techniques to help them focus their negative energies in a more centered rooted way (Kim, Epstein, & Kim, 2017). · Psychotherapy: A bully is often faced with childhood trauma and abusive behavior at home that has led to their outburst of emotions. So using psychotherapy and talk therapy can help them guide their misdirected anger properly (Dervishi, Lala, & Ibrahimi, 2019). · Interventions: The major way by which the bully type behavior can be halted is by using interventions (Sivaraman, Nye, & Bowes, 2019). These can be obstructions or reprimands that can be carried out by the parents or teachers when a kid is spotted to behave in an aggressive manner. This will help him to understand the problems relating to his behavior (Earnshaw, Reisner, Menino, Poteat, & Schuster, 2018). Interventions for the Bullied Kids who are regularly bullied online have a high risk for depression, anxiety and, in some serious cases, suicide (Pieschl, Porsch, Kahl, & Klockenbusch, 2013). There are three types of treatment that are commonly followed. These include: · Transactional analysis: This type of therapy deals with connecting past trauma to current issues. Children or adults that still cling to feelings of fear or anxiety due to past bullying may need help overcoming them to deal with the present (Parris, Varjas, Meyers, Henrich, & Brack, 2019). · Assertiveness training: People who are bullied often need help building their confidence to stand up to bullies. This type of therapy helps them learn techniques to do so (Avşar, & Alkaya, 2017). · Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT is effective in retraining a person's behavior or thoughts to make a positive change in his or her daily life. Many kids who are bullied tend to develop certain safety behaviors to deal with depression or anxiety, and CBT helps them overcome these (Kim, Kang, Lee, Cha & Kim, 2018). This report will mainly focus on Cognitive Behavioral therapy as an intervention Impact of bullying and use of Cognitive Behavioral Techniques Bullying is psychosomatic stresses that occur due to constant stress in a person. Other than electronic or cyber bullying, the bullying behavior may be physical, where a kid is being kicked, slapped or is facing any sort of physical alteration (Dervishi, Lala, & Ibrahimi, 2019). It may be verbal where they are being subjected to rude and abusive comments all day because of how they dress, how they talk, their financial conditions etc (Hicks, Jennings, Jennings, Berry, & Green, 2018). It can be relational as well where a person is isolated or ostracized in school due to a rumor or an incident that has taken place. The constant abuse and mental stress takes a toll on the students (Sivaraman, Nye & Bowes, 2019). Studies show that students subjected to bullying are academically weak (Rebolo & Pereira, 2019). They suffer from both mental and physical weakness. They are more prone to diseases and mental disorders. They show much lower appetite than normal (Beauchesne, Farquharson & Beauchemin, 2017). Use of cognitive behavioral techniques is being used as therapy for all such conditions. Instead of focusing on the past problems, CBT focuses on the present (Rebolo & Pereira, 2019). The therapists use several cognitive interventions strategy to treat the current situation and find solutions for the present (Dobson & Dobson, 2018). This differs from traditional counseling because it allows several intervention strategies to play a part in adolescents (Hofmann & Otto, 2017). They are taught how to regain control of their lives, how to feel less and less scared and changing their thought and action patterns (Rajabi, Bakhshani, Saravani, Khanjani & Bagian, 2017). CBT does not focus on a person’s personality traits but instead focuses on the beliefs and values of a person to either enforce them or alter those (Zayfert & Becker, 2019). The roles in high school, especially among adolescents are widely dynamic. The individuals that may have participated in bullying in elementary schools might be bullied on in high school. Similarly, there are other people that the victim and perpetrator that may be involved in such acts which can have mental impacts on their lifestyle as well (Rajabi, Bakhshani, Saravani, Khanjani & Bagian, 2017). Bystanders are nearly individuals that do not stop the act and silently go by as a person is being bullied. They also face trauma of the act done and the guilt of not doing anything, which can impact their lives. So, CBT is also used to treat the trauma faced by these individuals (Nielsen, Mikkelsen, Persson, & Einarsen, 2020). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Techniques The cognitive model is mainly based on two principal thought processes affecting the way people usually interpret their actions and emotions (Kim, Kang, Lee, Cha & Kim, 2018). The first one includes how humans process their thoughts or cognitions that determine the actions and emotions. The second one includes the behavior of a person the person that reflects his thoughts and emotions (Parris, Varjas, Meyers, Henrich, & Brack, 2019). CBT stems from the fact that every misdirected thought or distortional and dysfunctional behavior can potentially lead to psychological changes in the person (Dervishi, Lala, & Ibrahimi, 2019). This will result in psychological distresses that will have a cumulative effect on a person’s mental health and thereby leading to bullying behavior. Evaluation of such thoughts and emotions is the primary way to deal with negative energies in an individual (Earnshaw, Reisner, Menino, Poteat, & Schuster, 2018). CBT primarily allows evaluating and making corresponding changes depending on the person’s psychological state. The key function of CBT is to properly direct such emotions in a person and change the course of his actions by using thought control mechanisms (Sivaraman, Nye & Bowes, 2019). Changes can be made by using behavioral techniques as well as cognitive techniques in CBT. The main techniques used by psychologist as CBT are role-playing, emotional education, cognitive restricting, mindfulness education and exposure techniques (Hofmann & Otto, 2017). Our research shows that among the entire peer bullying treatment programs and interventions used, psychologists and counselors (Kim, Kang, Lee, Cha & Kim, 2018) most frequently use the cognitive behavioral techniques. It deals with the following set of events those most likely needs to be changed in a person: 1. The way a person is feeling:
May 20, 2021
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