Topic:Promoting mental health through mobile technology intervention1. In-depth Literature review report of that topic2. CoNTAIN aBSTRACT, INTRODUCTION, INDEPTH LITERATURE REVIEW,...

Promoting Mental Health through Mobile Technology Intervention
Index
    S.No.
    Topic
    Page No.
    1.
    Abstract
    3
    2.
    Introduction
    4
    3.
    Literature review
    5
    4.
    Conclusion and Recommendations
    8
    5.
    References
    10
Abstract
Mobile health or mobile technology intervention comes under umbrella of e-health and can be explained as public and medical health practice taking support of the mobile devices like patient monitoring devices, mobile phones, PDAs and other such equipments which are wireless (WHO, 2015). The spread of mobile technologies can be seen across world and across varying filed of healthcare and not only the mental health. Recently, intervention of mobile technology in mental health has been observed to assess as well as manage several mental disorders. Combination of wearable sensor devices, smart phones as well as social media has offered novel ways to monitor and promote mental well being along with the physical one. This report tends to describe the recent developments that promote mental health via mobile technology intervention with the help of literature review. Firstly, the mobile technology is introduced along with its wide scope and applications followed by in depth literature review and finally the recommendations along with conclusion are being presented which also includes the challenges associated with this mobile technology intervention and implementation in context of vision.
Introduction
Expansion of mobile technologies is being rapid. As per 2011 statistics, there was 85 percent global mobile penetrations which mean around 6 billion users were there. Further, in 2011 itself the subscriber number from 3G to 4G that is high speed mobile connections touched 1 billion. Also, 1 in 3 mobiles sold was found to be a Smartphone (Ericsson interim update, Traffic and Market Data Report, 2012). Due to such increased computationally powerful as well as broadband enabled mobile device’s diffusion, there were opening towards new opportunities wherein the health care and information could be delivered in personalized as well as efficient way.
WHO defines mobile health as using mobiles as well as wireless technologies that supports the health objectives achievement (WHO, m-Health, 2011). This approach serves several applications such as treatment and diagnostic support, data monitoring and collection remotely, tools and services to educate that improves the communication as well as training for the workers in healthcare (Vital wave consulting, 2009). Mostly reported mHelath benefits include increased healthcare services access, better patient-physician interaction, cost savings and high treatment compliance because of reduction in hospitalization as well as ICU needs. Because of these advantages, the mHealth users have exponentially increased in last few years. Additionally, the mHealth does have huge economic impact wherein annual revenues reached to $23 billion across the world. Particularly, as per estimation around 2/3rd of healthcare would be covered by remote monitoring that involves self testing by patients with the help of wearable devices or medical sensors as well as remote medical data transmission for management of disease to the healthcare providers. Examples of such devices for bio-monitoring are EEG, ECG, Gluco-meter, Blood pressure and the implantable in-vivo monitoring devices.
mHealth definition has shifted to emerging mobile networks and communication technologies from the unwired e-med over years and recently to wireless communication technologies transforming healthcare, public health and mental health (Vidrine et al, 2006). There are more than 90000 Smartphone apps for download (National Mental Health survey of India, 2015-2016). There are 2 core foundations of mHealth that are integration and flexibility. Key features of mobile technology intervention are SMS, MMS along with sound or video clips to educate patient, video or voice calling for better and remote communication and the multimedia functions for offering learning opportunities, device connectivity which is less error prone and practically feasible, inbuilt motion, GPS and touch based sensors simplifying clinical assessments while enhancing the social activities as well as lifestyle (Sood et al, 2016).
(Reference: Hilty et al ,2017).
Literature Review
Luxton et al, 2011 carried out a survey and found that more than 200 unique mobile apps are there in specific association with the behavioral health that addresses a great array of the clinical practices including the cognitive disorders, developmental disorders, psychotic disorders, mood disorders and the substance related disorders. This applification about the mental health is a trend now which is steady growing and is explained with the help of many advantages brought out by the mobile cyber therapy. Smart phones provide the capabilities of advanced monitoring which allows the researcher to record various behavioral data unobtrusively in the real time. This can further improve the measurement sensitiveness of several common outcomes which are measured by clinic psychology studies otherwise.
As pointed by Raento et al, 2009, phone is as integral part of social as well as individual life providing access to behavioral data domains which was not available previously without the self reports reliance or the constant observation.
T2 MoodTracker, 2012 is a mobile phone app allowing users to do self monitoring, tracking as well as referencing the emotional experience felt by them over period of months, weeks and days with the help of visual analogue rating scale. With the help of this application, self-monitoring can be done by patients for their emotional experiences in association with the common deployment associated behavioral health issues such as brain injury, post traumatic stress, depression, life stress as well as anxiety. Results of this self monitoring can also be used as a self help tool and they can also share the results with the health care professional or therapist which provides patient’s record about the emotional experience of them over a selective time period.
Barrett & Barrett, 2001 gave a detailed brief about the EMA which are ecological momentary assessment methods introduced since late 1970s. EMA had advantage over the traditional psychological assessment which is assessment ability towards temporal relationship between high ecological validity, variables as well as...