TCP/IP Model
The OSI model is the logical model which is used for the network design. This model was designed for describing the different functions which are present in the communication system, and they are created by dividing communication procedure into simpler and smaller components. After this the TCP IP model was introduced. It was designed and developed by Department of Défense in 1960 and it is based on the standard protocols. It stands for transmission control protocol and Internet Protocol.
It can be defined as the concise version of OS I model, and it has mainly for layers instead of seven layers which were present in the OSI model (Alotaibi, A.M., Alrashidi, B.F., Naz, S. and Parveen, Z). The functionality of this model can be divided into four layers and each of them have some specific protocols. It can be defined as the layer server architecture system. In this model each layer is defined as per the specific function which they are performing. All these four layers are working collaboratively for transmitting the data from one system to another.
The first one is application layer. This layer is responsible for interacting with the application program and it is the highest level which was present in the OSI model. The application layer is also present in the OSI layer, and it is the closest one for the end user. The OS I application layer will allow the user to interact with the software application.
This layer is responsible for interacting with the software application and implement the communicating component. The interpretation of the data which is done by application program is outside the scope of the OS I model. File transfer, remote login and email are few examples of the application at this layer (Ponmaniraj, S., Rashmi, R. and Anand, M.V). The application layer can be used to identify the communication partners, synchronized communication and determine the available resources. It will allow the users to log in the system from a remote host. It provides different types of the email services. The application layer generally offers distributed database sources and access global information about different services and objects.
The second layer is transport layer. The transport layer is created on the network layer so that it can provide transportation of the data from one process to another. The process present on the source system machine is able to send the data to another process which is present on destination system. It can be hosted with the help of single or multiple networks. The transport layer is used to maintain quality of the service functions.
This layer is able to determine how much data can be sent from any location and what will be the transmission rate. This layer is used to build over the message which was received from the application layer. The transport layer is used to make sure that the data units can be delivered without any error, and they are delivered in a proper sequence.
Transport layer is used to control the reliability of leg with the help of flow control, error control and segmentation. It is also known for offering to acknowledgement for every successful data transmission and it will send the next data if there is no error....