ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE___________________________________________________ Page 1 of 2 Subject Title Managing in Global Context Subject Code MGT604 Lecturer / Tutor Esther Chaderopa Semester February 2019...

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Using the question and findings from the first assessment on 5 review summaries and feedback from the lecturer, write a 3000-word research essay drawing on additional research sources.The essay should address the nature of the issue, why it is important, including a more comprehensive literature review and analysis with concluding recommendations onhow organisations should address the issue.


ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE___________________________________________________ Page 1 of 2 Subject Title Managing in Global Context Subject Code MGT604 Lecturer / Tutor Esther Chaderopa Semester February 2019 Assessment Title Task 3: Individual Assignment – Research Essay Learning Outcome/s 1. Analyse and interpret the diverse socio-cultural context in which global companies operate 2. Analyse and compare organisational behaviour across countries and cultures. 3. Apply advanced theoretical concepts and analytical skills to develop evidence-based decisions to address contemporary global management issues. 4. Critically evaluate major cultural attributes, including communication styles, to inform management decision making. 5. Apply critical thinking, leadership and problem- solving to enhance organisational business operations and stakeholder management Assessment type (group or individual) Individual Weighting 50% Word count 3000% Due date Week 11 Class submission Lecture ☐ Tutorial ☐ Submission type Paper copy ☐ Turnitin ✓ Format / Layout of Assessment (details of what to include) (cross the appropriate check boxes) ICMS Cover Page Introduction Importance of the issues Literature review Analysis Concluding recommendations Assignment must be written by using an essay format. Please refer to ICMS Style Guide ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ Assessment instructions (clear, succinct, without repetition) Using the question and findings from the first assessment on 5 review summaries and feedback from the lecturer, write a 3000-word research essay drawing on additional research sources. The essay should address the nature of the issue, why it is important, including a more comprehensive literature review and analysis with concluding recommendations on ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE___________________________________________________ Page 2 of 2 how organisations should address the issue. Readings for the assessment (instructions where they can be found e.g. MyAthens database, Moodle etc.) Refer to textbooks and other resources in Moodle/LMS Grading Criteria / Rubric See the MGT604 RESEARCH ESSAY GRADING CRITERIA file on the Moodle site. How Language barriers affect international Business? Kim, E. E. K., & Mattila, A. S. (2011). The Impact of language barrier & cultural differences on restaurant experiences: A grounded theory approach. Matić, J. L. (2008). Cultural differences in employee work values and their implications for management. Management: Journal of Contemporary Management Issues, 13(2 (Special issue)), 93-104. In this article, Kim, E.E.K, & Mattila A.S. indicates that the issue of a language barrier for ESL (English as a Secondary Language) customer and customer may strive to communicate and doesn’t get full information about any goods and service. The author's study is based on a grounded theory approach on Korean and the study found the affair that matter ESL (English as a Secondary Language) consumer. The authors use data and analysis ( Charmaz, Glaser and Strauss, 1967, Strauss and Corbin, 1990). The research focuses on avert customer from certain things like service failure complaining or searching for more information. Although the English language is one of the important languages in ESL customer service experience is highly neglected in academic research. Moreover, the author also describes that language is not only a medium but also relate to customer identity. The article is useful to my research topic as Kim, E.E.K, & Mattila, A.S suggest that language barrier cause negative emotional and cognitive responses. The Major limitation of the article is that it only focuses on Korean customers who speak English as a Secondary language. In the context of practical implications, the author demonstrates the way that leaders deal with language barriers and how they enhance trustiness in the multi-language setting. Authors describe that people who speak English are known as pride people and who has little knowledge about English is a shame. So the further study should be conducted in other non-speaking countries to know more in-depth understanding of the study. Finally, this article is relevant to my research topic because it supports language barriers in international business and does research in Korea. Harzing, A. and Feely, A. (2008). The language barrier and its implications for HQ‐subsidiary relationships. Cross-Cultural Management: An International Journal, 15(1), pp.49-61. Harzing, A. explains the impact of the language barrier and how multinational companies manage their subsidiary companies or branches although different language and culture. The author provides a piece of strong theoretical knowledge and important of the field which describes the causes of language barriers based on social identity theory. Communication cycle and management cycle are two couple cycle which is used by the author to explain the article where the communication cycle is composed of the eight aspects of the language barrier. To describe the limitation of the article failed to research in the field of business study which is considered as one and only a primary step in starting up a new research agenda. Invitation to the specialists helps in the field by debating on the subject. Strategic decision making, global integration strategies, organization and personal selection, and autonomy & control procedures are different aspects of HQ- subsidiary relationship under practical implication. The author uses social-linguistic theory to explain the language barrier which is productive in further research. The limitation of the article is that it is only based on theoretical knowledge and it is difficult to prove the research only through theory so the author should do a field study to get real data. The research focuses on finding the cause and effect of the language barrier. The article is one of the favourable to my research topic, as Harzing, A. describe various aspects of the HQ-subsidiary relationship. Hwang, K. (2012). Effects of the Language Barrier on Processes and Performance of International Scientific Collaboration, Collaborators’ Participation, Organizational Integrity, and Inter-Organizational Relationships. Science Communication, 35(1), pp.3-31. The main ideas expressed is how the language barrier affect technical communication, behaviour in the office or working place, and communication between international staffs. The information is up-to-date and from a reliable source case of international collaboration between R&D laboratories – main Korean Base and another European based company. The aim of the research is to find the problem faced by not only the non-English speaking person but also English speaking person in scientific collaboration. This barrier limits the ability of organizational integrity by parenting polarized attitudes toward collaboration. This article focus on barriers that are arises due to the lack of good communication and Korean engineers mostly go through tension their professional identity as members of the international scientific community and their lack of proficiency in English. Furthermore, this article is helpful to my research topic as Hwang, K explains about problems that arise due to the lake of good English language knowledge and how people suffer from it. The main limitation of the article is that the research is only based on Korean people not on the other community. Thus to know more about this kind of problem in the workplace, research should be vast, more extensive, research needs to commence to develop a depth understanding of the language barrier. This article will not form the basis of my research however it will be additional supplementary information for my research on how the language barrier affects international business. Marschan-Piekkaria, R., Welch b, D. and Welch c, L. (1999). In the shadow: the impact of language on structure, power and communication in the multinational. [online] Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(99)00015-3 [Accessed 11 Apr. 2019]. In this article, authors review the influence of language on communication between multination and explain about the role of language in international business. The authors provide a strong theoretical paper on the effect of language on structure, power and communication are universal. In the beginning, most of the article focuses on essential of horizontal communication and team building as a control and coordination mechanism where the aspect of the language is generally forgotten. The information is up-to-date and based on a detailed Case study of one Finnish multinational, Kone and its diversion. It is described that language plays an important role in communication and personal networking. The staffs who have good communication skills tend to have the capacity to build a good relationship between multinational companies whereas staffs with low communication skill are suffered to build a relationship. It is also acknowledging that language is an unofficial source of skilled power in different nations. The author’s research focuses on structure, power and communication between nations. The article is useful to my research topic because as authors explain about the language and its significance on structure, power, and communication in the multination. The main limitation of the article is that case study was done to the small group thus the researcher need to do more extensive research in large level to know in-depth understanding about the impact of language in the multinational organisation and case study should focus more on the non-English speaking country. In particular, this article will assist my research because the article provides useful information for my research topic language barrier and its effect on international business. Tenzer, H., Pudelko, M. and Harzing, A. (2013). The impact of language barriers on trust formation in multinational teams. Journal of International Business Studies, 45(5), pp.508-535. The given article illustrates the lacking of trust between multinational companies due to the language barriers. Authors have conducted an interview with 90 people with managers, leaders, and members of the team in 15 MNT in 3 automotive corporations in German. The authors display the emotional and cognitive reaction to language barrier to multinational team members and their impact on trust formation. Diversity research has been shared by the author by differentiating the negative effect of the more doubtful effect of other variance dimensions. The article also describes how surface-level language diversity may create perceptions of deep-level diversity. The research also explains about how deep level diversity can be created by surface-level language. Moreover, the research elevates multinational teams research by announcing the exact impact of barriers of language on the trust of member and mediator. The article focus that multilingual settings necessitate a re-examination and modification of the seminal trust. The
Answered Same DayMay 30, 2021MGT604ICMS (International College of Management Sydney)

Answer To: ASSESSMENT TEMPLATE___________________________________________________ Page 1 of 2 Subject Title...

Soumi answered on Jun 02 2021
127 Votes
Running Head: MANAGING IN GLOBAL CONTEXT    1
MANAGING IN GLOBAL CONTEXT         2
MGT604 - MANAGING IN GLOBAL CONTEXT
HOW LANGUAGE BARRIERS AFFECT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS?
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Importance of the Issue    4
Literature Review    5
Culture    6
Internationalisation    7
Social Identity    7
Gravity Model of Trade    8
Linguistic Relativity    8
Analysis    9
Concluding Recommendations    12
References    14
Introduction
Nowadays, worldwide businesses are presented with a vast range of opportunities due to increased rates of globalisation and internationalisation. Both of these phenomena have enabled businesses, governments and people from different nations in terms of interconnecting with each other. G
lobalisation has made economies more interrelated and more closely aligned as foreign nations can act as sources of both sales and production for domestic firms. In this context, it may also be stated that in addition to allowing companies to engage in business with other nations, globalisation enables firms to communicate internationally through the enhancement of technology, which provides significant assistance to business people in terms of interacting with their branches, franchises of partners from the other nations (Bordia & Bordia, 2015).
It is quite obvious that globalisation has increased the cultural diversity within workplaces as people are now able to travel to other countries for work and as businesses have to hire local people when they are operating in another nation. Cultural diversity within workplaces is a great resource. However, there are specific barriers attached to it. In case businesses are unable to eliminate these barriers, the performance may significantly decline over time. Linguistic barriers among people are one of the most significant issues that are caused by cultural diversity.
Linguistic barriers, if not coped with correctly, can not only adversely affect employee performance due to unclear communication and lack of guidance but also can adversely impact communication and interaction with the consumers. This essay aims to research on the issue, analyse the issue and present recommendations that could be applied by international businesses to resolve the issue.
Importance of the Issue
It has been widely demonstrated by a rapidly increasing number of empirical research studies that the linguistic barriers within today's MNCs shape the decision-making abilities of almost every management. Without a doubt, it can be stated that language is of paramount and practical importance in the context of globalised businesses. Nevertheless, the theoretical conceptualisation along with the empirical examination of the complicated, as well as, multifaceted influences is substantial challenges still.
Communication is one of the most vital enablers of business interaction, which has been defined to be crucial in terms of achieving global success in international businesses (Brannen, Piekkari & Tietze, 2017). It may be said in this context that linguistic barriers within workplaces gradually leads to the development of contradictory opinions and misunderstanding. This generally leads to a vast range of adverse influences, which affect not only the appearances, but also the productive capabilities of businesses. From developing contract terms to providing instructions to the employees to interacting with the clientele in order to resolve their queries, everything needs comprehensible communication.
Therefore, it can be safely said that effective communication is indispensable for international businesses. Due to being one of the most important elements within organisational practices, the lack of an effective communication framework adversely affects the functionality of management within international firms. However, a significant number of businesses do not perceive this to be a critical issue, which has been described by some scholars as "The Management Orphan", "The Forgotten Factor" among others (Cuypers, Ertug & Hennart, 2015). It may be stated that each one of these expressions focuses on a vast range of adverse outcomes, which might be generated if international businesses continue to neglect the issues caused by the presence of linguistic barriers.
In case international businesses lack in having enough competence in a language, it may lead the businesses to experience misunderstanding which can be significantly damaging to the profitability of the businesses. Due to linguistic barriers, organisations lose both actual business opportunities and potential consumers from a target market due to the lack of enough competence in interacting with the involved parties in their languages. Due to the lack of sufficient knowledge pertaining to the local languages, many businesses lose their chances of seizing an opportunity or miss business proposals that are announced by local governing authorities in local languages.
Additionally, it may be said that linguistic barriers can develop uncertainty, mistrust, as well as, anxiety within workplaces, which are significantly damaging to the overall working environment (Froese, Kim & Eng, 2016). The comprehension of the linguistic barriers and the way they may affect businesses is, thereby, of paramount importance to businesses in terms of identifying the issues and developing strategic objectives in order to eliminate or resolve the issues.
Literature Review
    A wide range of theories has been utilised by business scholars, economists and strategy researchers in order to examine the manner in which language and the associated barriers influence international businesses. In the context of language-related international business research, the most used theories include culture, internationalisation, social identity, the gravity model and linguistic relativity. In this section, the major contributions that these theories have made in the context of language-related issues in the international business context have been discussed.
Culture
Since the determination of language as a crucial concept in the international business setting, the manner in which culture and language are interrelated has posed many challenges for international business scholars. Whereas the consolidated connection among the two has never been challenged or argued, the relationship between these two concepts has been subjected to disparate conceptualisation. Business research studies conducted in the past have been argued to combine the two concepts. Nevertheless, gradually, the language was determined to be an inherent attribute of a particular culture whereas other scholars have referred language as the embodiment of culture (Harzing & Feely, 2008).
Recently, through the application of the psychological perception of cultural accommodation, scholars have successfully established the link among cultural and language within business contexts. The studies revealed that priming language convinces people to adapt their behaviours, as well as, their thoughts as per the cultural norms that are related to the spoken language. On the other hand, international business...
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