Victoria Yates WednesdayJul 6 at 8:56pmManage Discussion Entry When designing a qualitative study that includes interviewing, an interview script, guide, or protocol, is usually developed. In writing...

Victoria Yates

When designing a qualitative study that includes interviewing, an interview script, guide, or protocol, is usually developed. In writing the script, what aspects, besides those directly related to your research question, must a researcher be concerned with? ‘

In writing a script, a research should be concerned with

"Social rules that apply to ordinary conversations also apply to responsive interviews. People take turns speaking, acknowledge when they understand each other, and signal each other when they don’t. In each, it is considered rude to interrupt when another is speaking."

"In the responsive interviewing model, you are looking for material that has depth and detail and is nuanced and rich with vivid thematic material. In ordinary conversations, people sometimes want details—“How did she look to you?”—but usually the person answering the question chooses the degree of detail. “How are you?” usually elicits an answer like “Fine,” or “Okay,” and the questioner normally accepts that vague answer. In normal conversations, people do not go after richness and nuance—someone who always questioned what was said or sought alternative explanations for every matter would be considered very annoying.

Detail

Detail means going after the fine points, the items in a list, the particulars. If a young man tells you he went out with a beautiful woman, you might want to know what “beautiful” means to him. You might ask, “In what way was she beautiful?” or “What about her did you find beautiful?” In a study on intimate partner violence, Stephens, Hill, and Gentry (2005) illustrate one way to elicit detail"

"Depth

Depth involves learning history, context, and contending points of view. It means getting beyond the first, superficial answer, and getting past defensive parries and self-aggrandizing thrusts. Depth implies examining layers of meaning, gradually unpeeling the onion to get at the heart of the matter. When looking for depth, you want to find out not only the event that happened just before some incident but also the underlying cause or causes. You investigate what something means, not just what it is or appears to be. Detail focuses on what and how; depth focuses more on why."

"Vividness

In addition to depth and detail, you should design questions to evoke vivid descriptions. Vividness means obtaining a realistic picture that comes alive, that is easy to imagine and evocative. In qualitative interviews, eliciting vividness is more important than in ordinary conversations because, later on, a researcher needs to make the findings feel real to those who have not heard the conversation. Vivid examples, narratives, and stories engage readers and convince them that your descriptions are about actual events, real people, and genuine emotions."

"Nuance

Nuance means that there are positions between the extremes, as well as shades of meaning. Rather than treating narratives as true or false, researchers consider what they are hearing as possibly true, partly true, or true some of the time. Instead of dividing behavior into right and wrong, a researcher who is sensitive to nuance might regard some behaviors as right and wrong at the same time, perhaps a little bit wrong, or a little bit right. Obtaining nuanced answers requires asking for precise descriptions: not blue but cornflower blue; not just love but love with energy and joy. Nuance highlights subtlety of meaning. What exactly does it mean to say you love someone? Is there a little fear mixed in with the love, or a little dominance? How is the idea shaded or toned?"

"Richness

Richness means that your interviews elicit numerous themes that you can explore. You get richness by asking for extended descriptions, long stories, and narratives, which often contain multiple themes, and then by offering alternatives to what the interviewees have presented and getting their reaction to these alternatives."

Introduce yourself, the topic, but keep in mind yes you are interviewing but to me you want to make them feel like family and that you understand what they are saying. Actively listen and communicate back what you hear. Showing emotions like empathy can go along way, the researcher needs to get the right consents and also maintain contact with these people it isn’t just one thing and done.

References:

Digital Resource
Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012).Qualitative interviewing – The art of hearing the data (3rd ed.).Retrieved from https://redshelf.com

Paulette Morris

In writing the script, what aspects must a researcher be concerned with besides those directly related to your research question?

When creating an interview script, the information in the script's opening gives the participant an understanding of their rights as an individual participating in a study. The script also helps ensure the researcher is ethically conducting their research. An interview script with a qualitative approach should include the elements of the qualitative method, the primary phenomenon of focus, and the participants (Rubin & Rubin, 2012). The script should include the participants, the research site, and an action verb. In the script, the main question helps narrow down the purpose to an overall question to be addressed through the collection of the data (Rubin & Rubin, 2012). The researcher must ensure that the script allows sharing, listening, and hearing of the participants.

The interview questions should align with the research topic, and the research questions should be answered through the data collected for the study. The alignment between the research and the interview questions is not only required but should be confirmed by creating questions that are not only explicitly drawn from the research questions but also place emphasis on the context and the individuals being interviewed (Castillo-Montoya, 2016). The script must be written so that the questions designed will acquire meaningful and valuable answers to the questions so that the researcher can comprehend the respondents' perspectives. The script must present an opportunity for a conversation between the researcher and the participants in the interview process. Manufacturing a conversation that is more of an inquiry base is essential in creating the script for the interview because the researcher must develop a line of questioning that will allow the interviewees to participate in the conversation and share their ideas and experiences and not just provide answers to a set of questioning (Castillo-Montoya, 2016 & Jacob & Furgerson, 2012). Communication should flow back and forth in the script to allow the full participation of the interviewee in the interviewing process.

When creating an interview script, the researcher should test their line of questioning by asking for feedback on the script to determine if the participants will understand the line of questioning. Testing the line of questioning will allow the researcher to understand better the idea of close alignment between the participants' comprehension and the interview questions' expectations (Castillo-Montoya, 2016). Designing the questions to make sure that the participants understand what is being asked is essential to ensuring that the data obtained during the interview is accurate and relative to the research topic and the main questions desired to be answered by the researcher. The researcher should select participants that know the subject, ask questions that will solicit answers from the participants, and create new questions to ask that are based on the answers provided by the participants (Rubin & Rubin, 2012). The asking of questions and soliciting answers is a process referred to as a responsive interviewing technique.

The script should contain questions that are friendly and supportive in tone by developing the questions broadly. Ensure the questions are practical and the topic will engage the participants. The script should contain the main questions that will scaffold the interview, follow-up questions to clarify details provided by the participants, and a list of standard probes that will keep the participants talking (Rubin & Rubin, 2012). The interview script should first prompt the researcher to explain the idea of the informed consent necessary for the participant to partake in the study and direct the researcher to make sure the participant signs the informed consent document before the interview commences. (Castillo-Montoya, 2016 & Jacob & Furgerson, 2012). The script should provide an opening statement allowing the researcher to share critical details about the study. The details shared should explain what is being studied and why. The opening statement in the script should solicit the full participation of the interviewee. Full participation is vital to obtaining the necessary approval for participating and heightening the participant's understanding regarding what is being studied and why it is essential.

It should contain wording that will ensure privacy and confidentiality concerns are tended to before the interview begins. The script should include a phrase that will serve as an ice breaker to build a rapport with the interviewee, such as telling the participant a little about yourself as the researcher (Castillo-Montoya, 2016 & Rubin & Rubin, 2012). The script should contain questions or a catchphrase for ending the interview to solicit feedback from the interviewee. Have an opening and closing in the script that will allow you to share important details regarding the interview and close the discussion out with follow-up questions that will provide the participant with an opportunity to share additional information or thoughts that may not have been transferred when answering the main questions (Rubin & Rubin, 2012). The researcher's script containing follow-up and probing questions can assist the researcher with obtaining examples and evidence that is sufficient to conclude data analysis. The script is designed to ensure that the researcher can get detailed, in-depth knowledge-rich in description and meaningful to the data analysis (Jacob & Furgerson,2012). When interviewing for research purposes, the interview is structurally centered around the main and follow-up questions and the probes to ensure that the interview questions cover the central theme or topic of research.

References

Castillo-Montoya, M. (2016). Preparing for interview Research: The interview protocol refinement framework. The Qualitative Report, 21(5), 811-831.https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2016.2337Links to an external site.

Jacob, S. A., & Furgerson, S. P. (2012). Writing interview protocols and conducting interviews: Tips for students new to the field of qualitative research.The Qualitative Report, 17(6), 1-10.

Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012).Qualitative interviewing – The art of hearing the data (3rd ed.).
https://platform.virdocs.com

Renalta Smith

An interview is seen as a social interaction based on communication (Creswell. 2017). The questions and who gets asked the questions focus on the research type getting studied. And questions are seen as sub-questions in the research study, worded so interviewees can understand. In-depth qualitative interviewing is a naturalistic research method (Rubin, 2012). Researchers use qualitative interviewing to talk to people with experience with the problem of concern.

Researchers learn to see the world from the perspectives of others and help them put together the events. Structured interview. However, some suggestions or add-on would be to develop a semi-structured interview. The interview would allow more open-ended questions. And extend the time of the interview to enable the participants to elaborate and ask follow-up questions. A way to measure the time of an interview is through pilot testing. Pilot testing will allow the researcher time to get a flow going and build confidence for when the interview process begins. And choosing the best location for the interviews.

Thanks,

Renalta

References

Creswell. J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017).Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4thd ed). Retrieved from https://redshelf.com

Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012).Qualitative interviewing – The art of hearing the data (3rd ed.).Retrieved from https://redshelf.com