CL 4537 MINERALS AND SOLIDS PROCESSING Demonstration: Operation of Hydrocyclone A hydrocyclone is a tool to separate dispersed material from liquid by means of centrifugal action. It consists of a...

Word document is the practical guide. Excel sheet is the results gathered from the practical


CL 4537 MINERALS AND SOLIDS PROCESSING Demonstration: Operation of Hydrocyclone A hydrocyclone is a tool to separate dispersed material from liquid by means of centrifugal action. It consists of a cylindrical tube or shell, closed at the top and ending at the bottom in a cone with an opening at its apex (see figure 1). Fixed in the centre of the top is a cylindrical tube (vortex finder). The suspension to be separated is injected tangentially into the upper part of the cylinder section, causing rotation of the slurry in the cyclone. In the cyclone, the central outlet on the top (called the overflow nozzle) discharges the clarified liquid (overflow), while the outlet apex discharges the concentrated slurry (underflow). The names ‘overflow’ and “underflow” have come into use on account of the fact that the cyclone is mostly used in a vertical position, although this is not strictly necessary. Operating a cyclone requires a certain pressure drop, which increases with the throughput and further depends on the construction of the cyclone. Inside the cyclone, there exists a pressure gradient. In nearly all practical cases a gas core develops. The absence of gas core generally results in an increase of the total pressure drop at the same throughput and a lowering of the efficiency. The underflow discharge typically resembles an umbrella shape with centrifugal spray. However, if the total pressure drop is not high enough or if the solid concentration in the underflow is very high, this spray type discharge changes into a jet-type or drop type discharge. The variables that affects the hydrocyclone performance can be divided into two groups: (a) those that are dependent on hydrocyclone size and proportions, (b) design variables and operating variables. The design variables effectively include feed, overflow and underflow opening sizes, the hydrocyclone size and its shape. Operating variables depend on the feed stream and include: pressure drop (and feed flowrate) solid concentration ( or liquid-liquid concentration) solid size and shape solid densities (liquid densities) liquid medium density liquid medium viscosity Many of these variables interact, thus it is not possible to consider them individually. Instead, hydrocyclone efficiency is evaluated in terms of correlation using three criteria: the performance curve the ratio of overflow to underflow rate pressure drop ( Feed Overflow Underflow Vortex finder ) Figure 1. Cross-Section of a hydrocyclone Cyclone efficiency is represented by a performance or a partition curve (see figure 2). The graph relates the weight fraction, or percentage of each particle size, in the feed which reports to the apex or underflow, to the particle size. The separation size of the cyclone is often defined as that point on the partition curve for which 50% of the particles in the feed has an equal chance of reporting either with the underflow or overflow. This point is referred to as the d50 size. The sharpness of the cut depends on the slope of the central section of the partition curve; the closer to vertical the higher the efficiency. ( 1 0000 00 50 0 ) Figure 2: Performance curve of a Hydrocyclone Objective To understand the operation of a hydrocyclone. Materials Phosphate rock slurry Apparatus The schematic diagram of the apparatus to be used in this exercise is illustrated in figure 3. ( pump slurry reservoir air Pressure gauge Pressure gauge Overflow Recycle valve Underflow sampling valve sampling valve ) Figure 3. Schematic Diagram of Hydrocyclone Apparatus Method · Measure the PSD and mass concentration of the feed, underflow and overflow at steady state conditions for 4 different flow rates. Reporting · Note: this is a brief report – there is no size limit, but unnecessary discussion will be marked down. · Background: · Briefly discuss factors influencing hydrocyclone operation · Briefly discuss differences in hydrocyclone design and operation for thickening and calssifying purposes · Analysis · Calculate corrected and actual performance curves for each condition and comment on the difference between corrected and actual data and between corrected data for each test condition (e.g. sharpness of cut) · Calculate the corrected separation size (partition size, d50 etc.) for each condition · Under the conditions examined, would this cyclone be best used for thickening or classification? 1 Record Number123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536 Sample NameU1 prac 3 group 2U1 prac 3 group 2U1 prac 3 group 2Average of 'U1 prac 3 group 2'O1 prac 3 group 2O1 prac 3 group 2O1 prac 3 group 2Average of 'O1 prac 3 group 2'U2 prac 3 group 2U2 prac 3 group 2U2 prac 3 group 2Average of 'U2 prac 3 group 2'O2 prac 3 group 2O2 prac 3 group 2O2 prac 3 group 2Average of 'O2 prac 3 group 2'U3 prac 3 group 2U3 prac 3 group 2U3 prac 3 group 2Average of 'U3 prac 3 group 2'O3 prac 3 group 2O3 prac 3 group 2O3 prac 3 group 2Average of 'O3 prac 3 group 2'U4 prac 3 group 2U4 prac 3 group 2U4 prac 3 group 2Average of 'U4 prac 3 group 2'O4 prac 3 group 2O4 prac 3 group 2O4 prac 3 group 2Average of 'O4 prac 3 group 2'F2 prac 3 group 2F2 prac 3 group 2F2 prac 3 group 2Average of 'F2 prac 3 group 2' Measurement Date Time11/09/2017 11:01:33 AM11/09/2017 11:01:56 AM11/09/2017 11:02:19 AM11/09/2017 11:01:33 AM11/09/2017 11:08:49 AM11/09/2017 11:09:12 AM11/09/2017 11:09:35 AM11/09/2017 11:08:49 AM11/09/2017 11:14:36 AM11/09/2017 11:14:59 AM11/09/2017 11:15:22 AM11/09/2017 11:14:36 AM11/09/2017 11:19:33 AM11/09/2017 11:19:56 AM11/09/2017 11:20:19 AM11/09/2017 11:19:33 AM11/09/2017 11:25:01 AM11/09/2017 11:25:24 AM11/09/2017 11:25:47 AM11/09/2017 11:25:01 AM11/09/2017 11:32:03 AM11/09/2017 11:32:26 AM11/09/2017 11:32:49 AM11/09/2017 11:32:03 AM11/09/2017 11:38:32 AM11/09/2017 11:38:55 AM11/09/2017 11:39:18 AM11/09/2017 11:38:32 AM11/09/2017 11:46:02 AM11/09/2017 11:46:25 AM11/09/2017 11:46:48 AM11/09/2017 11:46:02 AM11/09/2017 12:02:21 PM11/09/2017 12:02:44 PM11/09/2017 12:03:07 PM11/09/2017 12:02:21 PM Dx (10)1.751.821.891.821.291.351.421.351.941.982.021.981.111.141.191.141.851.881.921.891.051.091.131.091.901.931.971.931.031.041.071.051.301.311.341.31 Dx (50)10.811.812.811.85.645.836.075.8419.219.920.419.84.945.095.285.0913.814.515.314.64.634.795.014.8016.017.017.616.94.574.644.784.666.356.576.896.58 Dx (90)72.673.374.173.425.628.531.428.586.287.087.686.919.722.625.322.464.064.665.664.716.519.422.619.473.475.775.574.816.418.921.418.852.455.257.455.0 Operator Namejc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059jc162059 Instrument Serial No.MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579MAL1091579 0.01000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.01140.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 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0.05970.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.06790.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.07710.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.08760.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.09950.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 0.1130.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.00 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