You need to complete solution of selected project.Then you will need to suggest an alternativewith your stage 1 solution. That alternative can be completely different than given system in the project, or it could be alterations of some parts. You should explain why you are making the changes and what improvements you expect. Your final solution may show surprises. The Alternative need not be better, or best or perfect at the end. Do not try to optimize it. We are looking how you analyze the given energy systems and compare them properly not if those suggestions or alternatives are best possible solutions. Though your thought process in suggesting alternative does count.Microsoft Word - ENSY_5000_2022_Fall_Project.docx ENSY 5000 Fundamentals of Energy System Integration Fall 2022 Final Project Project Schedule Nov. 21 (Mon), 5:00 pm: Online posting of project alternatives and start of the project. Nov. 23 (Wed), 11:00 pm: Declaration of project choice (you cannot change it). Dec. 01 (Thu), 11:00 pm: Completion of analysis of given project (end of stage 1), and declaration of an alternative solution. Dec. 08 (Thu), 11:00 pm: Submission of the final project (end of stage 2). General Instructions Please note that this project will be conducted according to the policies outlined in the Northeastern University honor code. This is not a group project. You should work alone. You can pick any one of the given project options below. For each project option, there is a description of the current situation. Your project will advance in stages. Stage 1: Analysis of the given energy system you selected. Cost and performance information for some components are provided below. You can choose from those components as you see fit. If there are unspecified parameters, you can make reasonable estimates with a supporting information. i.e., why you are choosing that particular value or component. You can state relevant assumptions or if you have outside information cite the source. At the end, you are expected to make a recommendation for a solution for the given project problem. Your solution should include a. Energy input requirements as well as required components (you need to make it work) b. Identify the irreversibilities (entropy production) in the processes or in different components c. Performance on the first law (energy basis). You can use EUF, thermal efficiency, coefficient of performances as it fits the application d. Identify exergy flows and exergy destruction e. Performance on the second law basis, (exergetic efficiency) f. Carbon dioxide production estimates. g. If you are using electricity provided by the utility, present how answers to parts b to f will be influenced with or without losses associated with electricity distribution from the utility. Consider both losses associated with generation of electricity and distribution of electricity to the point of use h. Thermoeconomic cost for one year time frame including all installation and operational costs. In your solutions, clearly show your system definition with sketches. If you are analyzing subsystems, clearly show sketches of your subsystem relevant for that part of solution. Clearly show balance equations that you are using and your derivations. Clearly state your assumptions. We are looking for a professional and through presentation of your analysis. Not quick and dirty calculations. PROJECT 1: A commercial plastic manufacturing process in Boston, MA requires a flow of 1.5 kg/min of heated oil at 200 ºC at constant 5 bar. Unheated oil is at 25 ºC and 1 bar pressure. The process operates continuously for 12 hours per day (07:00 to 19:00), 360 days per year. You can consider steady state conditions for the operating hours. The oil can be treated as an incompressible liquid with a specific heat, c, of 2342 J/(kg K) and a density of 789 kg/m3. Existing system has a pump operating with 75% isentropic efficiency to increase the pressure and heater + a heat exchanger (that keeps the oil isolated from the heater) combination to heat the oil. Assume heater + heat exchanger in use is insulated and the total thermal resistance between the heat exchanger and the surrounding is Rt = 0.4 K/W. The surroundings are at constant 25ºC. For the heat loss estimation between the device and surrounding, consider average surface temperature of 100 ºC. Operating and maintaining this system requires 5% of time of an operator in a given year. The electricity in the region is produced using coal in an old plant with an efficiency of 29%. The heating value of the fuel is 40.5 MJ/kg, and its adiabatic flame temperature is 2445 K. The installed cost of the electric heater + heat exchanger is $30,000 and it has an expected lifetime of 10 years. The yearly cost to operate and maintain the heat exchanger is estimated at $0.003/kWh (note this cost is per energy load used by the device). The cost of the oil entering the device is $0.05/kg. Company will pay for costs without financing. However, expected rate of return for the company is 10%. In other words, if company uses the money required for the installment in business, it will earn 10% yearly profit. For this system determine answer all parts a to h in general instructions. For the cost consider thermoeconomic cost of heated oil as cost of product. Your analysis should include irreversibilities and exergy destruction due to electrical power distributed and corresponding influence on 1st and 2nd law efficiencies associated with this process. Consider power plant operated by the utility and the fuel input for that power generation, losses associated with the electricity produced and delivered. Assume ash and exhaust has no usable energy. You can ignore the cost of ash disposal since its cost already included in the electricity bill. PROJECT 2 A Boston, MA area hospital has been renovated and converted to a forced ventilation air handling system. By policy the hospital is required to provide 5 building volume air changes per hour of fresh outdoor air. This requirement leads to a required air volumetric flow rate of 30 m3/s at the exit conditions. During the heating season, 120 days per year, approximately from November through February, the fresh air must be heated from the outside air temperature to the design temperature (TDT = 32 oC) and pressure (PDT = 1.1 bars) of the air distribution system, 24 hours per day. The discharge air leaving the hospital is at atmospheric pressure, 1 bar, and a temperature of TEX = 24 oC. The existing system is using a natural gas fired furnace to heat the entering air and buys electricity from the utility to power the fans required to move the air through the hospital. The fan motor assembly can be considered well insulated device with an efficiency of 0.6. The fan efficiency includes the motor efficiency and is defined as the ideal power input divided by the actual power input. The ideal power input is the product of the volumetric flow rate times the pressure change across the fan, which is the same as pressure difference between the inside and the outside air. The furnace efficiency is 92% and is defined as the rate of heat transfer added to the air divided by heat released by the fuel (use higher heating value). Furnace can be treated as a well-insulated device such that only heat loss is due to exhaust. Assume outside atmospheric air temperature is 4oC and pressure is 1 bar, and both are constants. Consider this represents the 120 days of operation. Operating this system requires 1/6-time of a technician. The yearly cost of maintaining this unit is $0.004 /kWh (note this cost is per total used energy). The hospital would pay without borrowing money. However, expected rate of return is 12%. In other words, if hospital uses the money required for the installment in business, it will earn 12% yearly profit. Additional Information: a. The surroundings conditions can be considered to be the dead state b. Cost of electricity from the utility is $0.16/kWh for the hospital. The utility is producing 20% of its electricity by green (no CO2 producing) sources by state law and the other 80% using fuel oil. You do not need to know the cost of fuel oil because it is included in the electricity cost. Consider heated and pressurized air entering the hospital as the product. For this system determine answer all parts a to h in general instructions. For the cost consider thermoeconomic cost of air entering to the hospital. Your analysis should include irreversibilities and exergy destruction due to electrical power distributed and corresponding influence on 1st and 2nd law efficiencies associated with this process. Consider power plant operated by the utility and the fuel input for that power generation, losses associated with the electricity produced and delivered. Assume green part of electricity usage has no CO2 emission and ignore the losses in the green part of energy since it is recovered from otherwise not used energy resources (like solar and wind). You can ignore the cost of green energy source provided by utility since its cost already included in the electricity bill. PROJECT 3 A car wash service uses 150 liter of pressurized (3 bar) warm water (45oC) to wash each car. It takes 10 min to wash each car. The service has 10 washing lanes, and it is open from (14:00 to 21:00) every day and 360 day per year. Each day 400 cars are washed. Fresh water at 1 bar pressure and 15oC is pressurized in a pump, then heated to desired temperature, and then delivered to the washing lanes. Assume pump operates adiabatically and its isentropic efficiency is 85%. All the other equipment of the car wash uses a total of 2 kW (for all lanes and other parts of the business) of power during operation. One person can operate 2 lanes. Current system is getting electricity from the utility and use a natural gas fired boiler to heat the water. Assume natural gas furnace used has 90% overall efficiency defined as heating provided water to heating released from fuel (use higher heating value). Electricity cost from the utility is $0.20/kWh. The utility is required to produce 10% of its electricity by green (no CO2 producing) processes by state law and the other 90% using natural gas. You do not need to know the cost of fuel for the utility because it is included in the electricity cost. The yearly cost of operating and maintaining this system is $0.005 /kWh of energy used (note this cost is per total used energy). City asks $9.794 per 1000 gallons of fresh water, and $13.759 per 1000 gallons of drained water. Cost of natural gas based heating system is $27000 with 15 years lifetime. Cost of each pump is $1600 including installation with 7.5 years lifetime. Consider product is washing a car. For this system determine answer all parts a to h in general instructions. For the cost consider thermoeconomic cost of washing a car. Your analysis should include irreversibilities and exergy destruction due to electrical power distributed and corresponding influence on 1st and 2nd law efficiencies associated with this process. Consider power plant operated by the utility and the fuel input for that power generation, losses associated with the electricity produced and delivered. Assume green part of electricity usage has no CO2 emission and ignore the losses in the green part of energy since it is recovered from otherwise not used energy resources (like solar and wind). You can ignore the cost of green energy source provided by utility since its cost already included in the electricity bill. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THAT YOU MAY USE NOTE: If you prefer to use a different value or component given below, you are welcome to do so providing your reasoning. i.e you may have a recent data more accurate, or you may have a better component that fits your project better than provided here. Or if you need anything outside this list, provide the source information and citation in your solution. If not specified in the project, you can use dead (reference) state pressure as 100 kPa and temperature as 298 K. The operator salary + fringe benefits + overhead cost is $87,000 per year. The heating value of the natural gas (CH4) is 55.5 MJ/kg, its molecular weight is 16 kg/kmol, density is 0.668 kg/m3, and adiabatic flame temperature is 2230 K. Natural gas price is given $0.644/m3 (2022 for Massachusetts). The heating value of fuel oil (C14H30) is 43.5 MJ/kg, its molecular weight is 198 kg/kmol, adiabatic flame temperature is 2375 K. The installed solar PV collector cost for a 1.88 m2 is $4,500 with a 15-year lifetime and an efficiency of 13%. The average incident solar energy rate for the year is 543 W/m2 and the average day length is 8 hours. The battery cost is $65 per battery with a lifetime of 3 years. Each battery is rated at 12 volts, with a maximum continuous current of 5.2 amps and has a rated at energy storage of 105 amp-hours. Battery throughput efficiency (Charge-Discharge cycle) is 81%. This efficiency equals the energy output from the battery divided by the energy input. Battery