300-400 words please. the topic is recidivism don't use .edu, .com, .net, or .edu websites use only academic or government websites only. use in-text citations and reference page.
In this assignment, you will describe and summarize the data sources that you have located and examined for your project. By collaborating with other classmates and reading their initial posts, you may discover a source of data that you have not considered but can be relevant for your project.
In addition, summarize the qualitative data collection instruments (sample survey, observation guidelines, and interview questions) that you have submitted in theWeek 6 Projectand explain why you believe these instruments can be advantageous and add value to your study.
Running Head: RECIDIVISM1 RECIDIVISM 4 RECIDIVISM (QUALITATIVE METHODS) Table of Contents Observation conducted to collect data and aspects learnt from them3 Methodology if interview or survey were conducted3 References4 Observation conducted to collect data and aspects learnt from them Researches have focused on the implementation of psychological counseling, procedural jurisdiction and therapeutic jurisprudence in order to reduce the tendency of re-offending amongst the prison inmates as well as the released convicts. However, as argued by Tiedt and Sabol (2015), the most effective method for dealing with the inmates is subjecting them to rehabilitation programs. Therefore, in order to reduce the tendency of re-offending, or also known as recidivism, amongst the prison inmates, it is very important to observe them closely. Nevertheless, it can also not be denied that the observation of the prison inmates from a close vicinity can also be a risky attempt. As supported by Kaiser and Holtfreter (2016), prisoners can be aggressive and violent at times, which is why it might not be possible to observe and collect qualitative data. Therefore, this could be taken with the help of camera surveillance inside the prison cells, where the entire day activities of the prisoner could be noticed. The researcher could analyze the behavior of the inmates by monitoring their activities throughout the day. Thus, it could be expected that the data about the eating and sleeping habits of the prisoners could be gained. Besides, their behavior in solitude could be the most important source to indicate if they are planning recidivism when left isolated. Nevertheless, it should also be ensured that the prisoners are not informed about this observation, lest they should behave consciously, biasing the research findings. Methodology if interview or survey were conducted Although the risks of conducting surveys or interviews with the prison inmates would a lot more than that in case of an observational study; however, as stated by Loza (2018), the benefits of the primary methodology is not less in case of such a sensitive research issue. In order to gather qualitative findings, the researcher could opt for interview over video calling, which although might not be face-to-face in person; yet would help to generate the facial expression and the detailed responses of the inmates. The permission of the prison warden will be sought, prior notification would be given to the prisoners and all the required resources such as the computer or a smartphone with an internet connection will be procured. Other than this, the prison warden could also be interviewed. In either case, complete confidentiality of data will be ensured, no personal questions will be asked and no personal data will be revealed for commercial purpose (Tonry, 2014). The findings of the study will be used for academic purpose only and the participants will be allowed to discontinue the procedure at any point of discomfort. References Kaiser, K. A., & Holtfreter, K. (2016). An integrated theory of specialized court programs: Using procedural justice and therapeutic jurisprudence to promote offender compliance and rehabilitation. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43(1), 45-62. Loza, W. (2018). Self-Appraisal Questionnaire (SAQ): A tool for assessing violent and non-violent recidivism. Handbook of Recidivism Risk/Needs Assessment Tools, 165. Tiedt, A. D., & Sabol, W. J. (2015). Sentence length and recidivism among prisoners released across 30 states in 2005: Accounting for individual histories and state clustering effects. Justice Research and Policy, 16(1), 50-64. Tonry, M. (2014). Legal and ethical issues in the prediction of recidivism. Federal Sentencing Reporter, 26(3), 167-176. Week 6 Assignment 2 Paulette McSwain South University Online MCJ6985 Applied Professional Project Professor Tony Smith April 12, 2018 1 Sample Survey Questionnaire The aim of this survey is to get the first-hand views concerning the procedural justice and recidivism. It targets a sample of 300 participants, consisting of youth and adults, with a 50% equal share between males and females. You are required to give your answers in a truthful and honest manner since this will be important to maintain the quality of the study. The survey uses the open-ended structure of questionnaires, whereby the respondents should give an elaborate account of t question. All responses will be treated with adequate confidentiality, therefore would appreciate unbiased answers. Q.1. What do you understand by the word justice? Why should there be justice and who is responsible for delivering justice? Q. 2 Have you ever been exposed to the justice system? If yes, how was the experience? Were you satisfied? Q. 3 On a scale of 10 how do you rate the justice system? Give the reasons for the rating Q. 4 What is the role of the prisons in delivering justice to the offenders? Is there any transition from the sentencing to jailing, in terms of changing the behaviors of the criminals? If yes, how would you rate it? Q. 5 What is your take on the individuals who have been from the prisons? Are they still criminals? Should they be part of the society or do they require close monitoring to detect their behaviors Q. 6 How would you classify the most vulnerable individuals to crime, using age and gender? Where does the tendency to commit crime come from? 2 Q. 7 What do you think causes recidivism? What is the prevalence of recidivism amongst the age and gender? Q. 8 What is the role of a procedural justice system in reforming criminals? On a scale of 10, how has the system performed in relation to reducing the rate of recidivism? Q. 9 Give an account of cases where you think the justice system helped develop a criminal instead of reforming them. What was the actual cause and what could have been done? Q. 10 Do you think the police have a role in creating and destroying a criminal? What is their role in the procedural justice and how have they performed so far? Observation Guidelines for Onsite Observation The onsite observation focuses on the reactions from the criminals after the delivery of the verdict as well as the reactions for those coming from prison. The aim is to come up with firsthand information that targets both the dependent and independent variables. The observation will consider the factors of gender and age in the determination of their influence on the tendency to recommit crimes. Setting Ongoing action Description of the participants Type of approach and response Court Delivery of criminal Police, judge and the suspect Apprehension, treatment by the police and the judge Court Delivery of the Verdict Judge as the representative of the procedural justice system and the suspect The feelings triggered and the perception or satisfaction coming from the convict Prison Serving punishment and reformation Reform programs that have the mandate to eradicate the criminal traits Assessing the reactions of the suspect towards the prison system Release Date Eviction from the justice system The suspect is the main participant, whereby the perception of the procedural justice system is important Reactions triggered by the reform programs and the perceived justice and fairness delivered to the suspects Reception at home Reunion with the society The relationship between the suspect and the society Understanding the reactions and attitudes of the suspects on the reunion with the society Re-arrest of the criminal Monitoring and evaluation of the suspect Tendency of the police to re-arrest a criminal The reactions triggered by the close monitoring and tendency to become suspects for the ex-prison convicts Interview Method The aim of the interview is to collect firsthand information concerning recidivism and procedural justice. It uses a sample size of 80 participants from all classes of age and gender. The interview questions focus on the issues that revolve around these two themes, with the expectations that the participants will have a chance to express their views and opinions. Since the questions are oral, the answers will be recorded for analysis and deriving statistical conclusion. Q.1 What do you consider as the main cause of recidivism and why? On a scale of 10, how is the status, in relation to the measures out and the expectation from the procedural justice system? Q. 2 What is your take on the role of the justice system in the development of a criminal? Does the system encourage the elimination of criminals in the society? Q .3 Are prisons important in the elimination of crime? If yes, how would you rate their contribution in the current state of crime in the locality? 5 Q. 4 Do you consider the procedural justice system as a form of reform or penalty for the crimes committed? How often should a criminal go through the system in order to regain the right morals? Q. 5 What is your perception of the current justice system? Is it fair? If not, what the factors that trigger the system to act in a certain manner? What do you think should be done to prevent the negative reputation that the system exhibits? Q. 6 How does a criminal develop and what is the role of the society in developing one? Does the justice system have any role in defining or eliminating a criminal? If yes, what is the significance of the current system in the delivery of such restoration programs? Q. 7 Does age affect the tendency to recommit a crime? If yes, how has the justice system failed or excelled in the reformation of the youth? What would you have preferred to be done in order to reduce the recidivism across the age brackets? Q. 8 Do you have a role in reducing recidivism or do you believe that the justice system takes the entire burden of eliminating criminals? What are the available alternatives in reducing rate of recidivism, in addition to ensuring justice prevails? 6 References Alshenqeeti, H. (2014). Interviewing as a data collection method: A critical review. English Linguistics Research, 3(1), 39. Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Tourangeau, R. (2018). Choosing a Mode of Survey Data Collection. In the Palgrave Handbook of Survey Research (pp. 43-50). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.