Explain how a magnet may be used to distinguish a range of energies for protons. How can a monoenergetic beam of protons be obtained? Why is it a problem when a particle gets out of phase with the...

Explain how a magnet may be used to distinguish a range of energies for protons. How can a monoenergetic beam of protons be obtained?

Why is it a problem when a particle gets out of phase with the frequency of a pulsed accelerator?

 Explain why electron accelerators that are not linear must have large radii. The largest such accelerator is the LHC at CERN, which has a radius of 4.3 km.

The next proposed accelerator is an electron-positron collider that may be many kilometers long. Why must it be so long? Why can’t it be circular to save space?