Answer To: Format: Essay is to be written with an introduction, body, conclusion, and references. Length: 1,500...
Sunabh answered on May 16 2021
PERSUASIVE ESSAY
[CHOSEN TOPIC: 4. HOW IS TERRORISM DEFINED AND GOVERNED IN AUSTRALIA? IS THIS A FAIR APPROACH?]
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Terrorism and Different Perceptions 3
Australia’s Approach towards Terrorism 4
Australian Approach towards Terrorism Is Fair or Not 5
Conclusion 6
References 7
Introduction
Terrorism is a global issue, its containment is not restricted to specific geographical location and Australia is no exception. Australian history reflects that, the territory has faced numerous terrorist attacks varying from a small to large scale. Terrorism can be defined as an act or threat of action, where the actions have the potential to cause certain degrees of harm or negative interference and the threat or action is being performed intentionally under political, religious and ideological influence. This paper will focus upon the extent of terrorism in Australia and efforts will be made to present the efforts and approaches implied by Australian government to counter it. Further, a reflection upon the fairness of approaches used by Australian government will be provided and the paper will end with a comprehensive summary.
Terrorism and Different Perceptions
It would be difficult to present the rationales behind what might drive people towards terrorism; however, every terrorist group in the world share one similar aspect, which is to cause harm. Likewise, it would be essential to understand that, the psychology of terrorism has been marked more by opinion and theory instead of good science. However, as supported by Loader and Sparks (2016), terrorism is now being viewed in terms of group dynamics and political processes, which is distinct from the previous assumptions where terrorism was understood in terms of individualism. Further, O’Malley (2008) suggested viewing terrorism through a political lens, which leads to the understanding that, terrorism is adopted as a means to fight by groups, which lack political power and it is considered as oppressive forces. With the global problem related with terrorism, the International Criminal Court has an interest in the prosecution of the serious international terrorist crimes. However, the only international tribunal with the express jurisdiction over the terrorism related offences is with the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (created by Chapter VII Security Council Resolution, UNSC Resolution 1757 (2007)), which was mainly created for the investigation and the prosecution of the terrorist which was not determined by Lebanese criminal law (UNODC, 2021). Therefore, it can be observed that in certain emergency situation, The Internal Criminal Court come forward to deal with terrorist activities. Similarly, United Nations had come forward in the pursuit of combating terrorist related activities. The U.N. states that as a member states take measure for combating the terrorist related activities and also counter the violent extremist, the program developed by U.N. will provide a targeted support and also assistance in order to ensure that all kind of efforts does comply with the international refugee laws, human rights law and the international humanitarian law (UN Chronicle, 2021).
The ‘bombing of the Sydney Hilton Hotel’ in March 1978 was the first terrorist exposure, that Australia faced and Australian government confessed that, this attack reflected upon their unpreparedness for terrorist events. According to the report presented by Parliament of Australia, (2002), Australia experienced very few incidents, which can be categorised or accepted as ‘terrorism’. However, Australia did experience issues related to politically motivated violence, national security breach and organised crime. This perception from Australian parliament could be majorly because; they consider ‘terrorism’ as a foreign phenomenon, which has rarely been practised in Australia. In order to counter terrorist activities, there are various advantages of the U.N. approach towards the terrorist activities. Since the position of United Nation is in such a unique manner that it easily assists the Member States regarding effectively counter the terrorist acts along their borders and also across the regions. Since, 2001 the Council’s dedicated approach towards the Counter Terrorism Committee have overseen the implementation of the resolutions, which hold relevancy towards the prevention and addressing the terrorism activities by their Member States (U.N. Chronicle, 2021). Similarly, ICC has also various advantages as the core mandate of ICC is to act as a court, which will be the last option with the capacity to prosecute the individual for genocide, crime against humanity and war crimes, when the national jurisdiction are unable or unwilling to prosecute those crimes, because of certain reason (UN Chronicle, 2021).
Considering the role...