HOMEWORK NAME___________________________ CRN Chapter 3 - Section 4 Argument Forms A. Determine the form of each of the following arguments. Give the name of the form, if it is one of the forms named. If more than one form is used, name each form in order of use. Bracket, number, underline inference indicators, write out in logical shorthand. (Define your letters) Example: 1[The bigger the burger the better the burger]. And 2[the burgers are bigger at Burger King]! Hence, 3[the burgers are better at Burger King]. This can be seen as a Hypothetical Syllogism since the premises can be read as hidden conditionals. Form: L!B Roughly, if the burger is bigger then the burger is better. K!L If the burger is a Burger King burger, then the burger is bigger. K!B If the burger is a Burger King burger, then the burger is better. L = The burger is bigger B = The burger is better K = The burger is a Burger King burger
1. If the price of food increases, the poor will starve; and if the price of fuel increases, the poor will freeze. Therefore, either the poor will starve or the poor will freeze.
3. Either you’re for us or you’re against us. You're not for us. Therefore, you are against us. If you are against us, then you will not receive kind treatment from the Family. And therefore, you will not receive kind treatment from the Family.
5. He either going to have to leave the country or he's asking to be bumped off by the syndicate. He is not asking to be bumped off by the syndicate. We can conclude that he's going to leave the country. If he’s going to leave the country then he will be going to the airport at some time in the near future. Therefore, he will be going to the airport at some time in the near future.
7. If a man is a slave to money, he is not free; and if a man is a slave to fortune, he is not free. A man is either a slave to money or a slave to fortune. Hence, no man is free.
B. Determine the form of each of the following arguments. Give the name of the form, if it is one of the forms named. If more than one form is used, name each form in order of use. Bracket, number, underline inference indicators, write out in logical shorthand. (Define your letters)
3. Either we negotiate with the Russians or we will end up going to war with them. If we negotiate with them, we have to make some concessions to them but we will survive. If we go to war with them, we must be prepared to have them annihilate us. We are not prepared to have them or anyone else annihilate us. The conclusion is obvious.
5. If we help the rebels, we must be prepared to incur the wrath of the current regime. But we are not prepared to incur their wrath. So, we will not help the rebels.
C. Determine the form of each of the following arguments. Give the name of the form, if it is one of the forms named. If more than one form is used, name each form in order of use. Bracket, number, underline inference indicators, write out in logical shorthand. (Define your letters)
1. If you are a self-respecting human being, then you are not a member of a bigoted, racist organization. If you are not a member of a bigoted, racist organization, then you are not a member of the Klan. Therefore, if you are a self-respecting human being, then you are not a member of the Klan.
3. If we eat the marshmallow pizza, we will disgust your sister; and if we eat the hot fudge chicken, we will disgust your mother. We are either going to eat marshmallow pizza or hot fudge chicken. So, it's clear that we are going to disgust either your sister or your mother.
5. (Find and diagram an argument from the textbook.)
7. If we go to the ballet, then we'll miss tonight's game. If we go to the opera, then we'll miss tomorrow's game. We will not miss tonight’s game or we will not miss tomorrow’s game. So, we are either not going to the ballet or we aren't going to the opera.
9. If we go to the A’s game, then we will go to Oakland. If we go to the Forty Niners game, then we will go to San Francisco. We will either go to the A's game or to the Forty Niners game. So, either we will go to Oakland or to San Francisco.