Instructions: Please submit your essays by either pasting them into the text box or by uploading a file (preferably Word). Short essays: (Answer TWO of the following)1) Compare and contrast ethical...

Question 1-
Right from our childhood we have been listening that every action has some consequences, and those consequences decide that if the action was moral or immoral. Utilitarianism and Ethical egoism both are moral theories which work on the same concept. According to utilitarianism theory the action will be judged by how they are benefited to the majority of people or we could simply say one action is moral if it is providing pleasure or happiness to majority of the people. In utilitarianism theory one action will may be counted moral even if it may sound immoral e.g. torturing a terrorist will count as moral because it will result into welfare of majority of people. It requires selflessness and foresight to figure out which action will affect the vast majority of people and not just oneself. Objections raised to utilitarianism are:
1. It fails to take into account considerations of justice. One can think about certain course of actions which can be beneficial to majority of people and clearly act of injustice at the same time.
2. It is concerned solely with consequences of people’s action and not on individuals as moral and immoral in themselves.
Ethical egoism is contrary to the utilitarianism concept. Whereas in utilitarianism theory one need to be selflessness for the goods of others, in ethical egoism on need to think about his/her self-interests before making an action. In simple words, according to...