ITECH3101: Assessment Task 3: Assignment Part 1: Lab Report (20%)Semester 1, 2021Due date: Sunday, May 23,(Week 9), 2021 Learning Outcomes Assessed K3, K5, A3, V1.Purpose: The assignment (report)...

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction to SAS    2
1.1 Project 1: Installation of SAS    2
1.2 Project 2: Knowing interfaces in SAS Studio    14
1.3 Project 3: Answering questions    17
Chapter 2: Manipulating your data and creating a report    19
2.1 Project 1: Importing data from Excel file    19
2.2 Project 2: Creating a data listing    24
2.3 Project 3: Creating reports    28
2.4 Project 4: Answering questions    29
Chapter 3: Introduction of Tableau software    34
3.1 Project 1: Installation of Tableau    34
3.2 Project 2: Understand user interface of Tableau    34
3.3 Project 3: Getting data into Tableau    36
3.4 Project 4: Getting data out of Tableau(save a data source)    38
3.5 Project 5: Getting data out of Tableau 2(save a workbook)    39
3.6 Project 6: Simple data visualisation    41
3.6.1 Project 6-1: Basic data visualisation    42
3.7 Project 7: Answering questions    45
Chapter 4: Exploring complex data visualisation    46
4.1 Project 1: Creating calculated fields to display population density of a district    46
4.2 Project 2: Use parameter controls    50
4.3 Project 3: Explore different colour coding schemes    55
4.4 Project 4: Visualizing spatial data    58
4.5 Project 5: Answering questions    61
Chapter 5: Introduction to SAS programming    62
5.1 Project 1: Knowing DATA steps and PROC steps    62
5.2 Project 2: Basic Programming rules    68
5.3 Project 3: Example of DATA steps and PROC steps    70
5.4 Project 4: Making datasets using SQL type statements    74
5.5 Project 5: Answering questions    77
Chapter 7: SAS programming -1 Working with data    78
7.1 Project 1: Knowing INPUT statement    78
7.2 Project 2: Reading data from external files    85
7.3 Project 3: Data sets processing    88
7.4 Project 4: Answering questions    91
Chapter 8: SAS programming 2 – Conditional and looping process    94
8.1 Project 1: Conditional processing    94
8.2 Project 2: Looping processing    96
8.3 Project 3: Answering questions    100
Chapter 9: SAS programming 3 – Using SAS function and array    102
9.1 Project 1: Knowing functions other than character functions.    102
9.2 Project 2: Character function    107
9.3 Project 3: Using arrays    109
9.4 Project 4: Answering questions    111
Chapter 1: Introduction to SAS
1.1 Project 1: Installation of SAS
Procedure: -
1) The first step is to visit the website to download the SAS software https://www.sas.com/en_us/software/university-edition/download-software.html
2) Select the operating system from the options available on the page to proceed with the installation.
3) Before continuing with the installation check the system requirements are met.
4) After checking that the requirements are met, we will then proceed to download VirtualBox and create the “myfolder” folder on the desktop.
5) Click download VirtualBox for windows to download virtual box and select windows hosts in VirtualBox 6.0.4 platform packages. Then save VirtualBox-6.0.4- 128413-Win.exe.
6) After downloading the .exe file open it to start the installation of VirtualBox.
Follow all the instructions in the setup wizard and proceed with the installation until a finish button appears at the bottom.
7) Create a “SASUniversityEdition” folder on the desktop till the installation completes. After creating it add a sub-folder inside it with the name “myfolder”.
8) After downloading the VirtualBox and creating the folders we will now download SAS University Edition.
Click on the Get SAS University Edition to start the process of downloading. After clicking the link, it will redirect you to another link where we have to create a new profile.
Verify the email entered in the above step to activate the SAS account. After that accept the license agreement and proceed with the download. The file will download with .ova extension.
9) After the download is complete open VirtualBox and select file, then import appliance.
After this window opens select the folder icon available on the right side of the screen an select the directory where the .ova extension file is available. After this process click next and finish the setup. Once the setup is complete we can see the following in the VirtualBox.
10) Now connect the “myfolders” folder created by following these steps.
Open the VirtualBox and follow each step in the settings option.
11) Open the VirtualBox application and click the powered off under the SAS University Edition will power on the machine.
After the machine is powered on the following screens will appear
12) Type http://localhost:10080 in a web browser and hit enter to get to the page that looks like this
Click on the start SAS Studio link and a new SAS session will start.
13) Write the following commands and run the code by clicking on the run option that is the first option from the left available below the code tab.
Now select the result tab to see the result generated from the above code.
Results: -
We successfully installed the SAS University edition and VirtualBox. Then we integrated the “myfolders” with the virtual machine. After setting up the SAS University Edition we then opened a new session. After opening the new session we ran our first code in a SAS program and observed the results.
1.2 Project 2: Knowing interfaces in SAS Studio
Procedure: -
1) On the left side of the window we have the navigation pane. In that pane click the libraries option and then click on my libraries. All the available libraries in this SAS session will be shown there.
2) The demonstration libraries are stored in SASHELP. Click on the triangle next to the library to see the list of datasets available. Double click the baseball dataset to open it. The rows are called observations and the columns are called variables.
3) Left click on the nAtBat variable and see that the data is sorted in ascending order.
4) Click on the view tab to change between variable name and variable label.
5) Place the cursor on nHome variable and select add filter option.
In the drop down menu select greater than equal to option and type 30 in the input.
Click filter and observe that value greater than or equal to 30 are only available for the variable nHome.
Results: -
In this project we explored the inbuilt library baseball available in SAS and performed some basics operations on it. The nAtBat variable was sorted in ascending order, we learnt the option to switch between variable name and variable labels and also added as filter on nHome variable to display only values greater than or equal to 30.
1.3 Project 3: Answering questions
1) The installation of SAS requires creating an account and verifying it by email. Then downloading and installing the VirtualBox. Going to SAS website we download the .ova extension file that will be loaded into the VirtualBox in the next step. Now we import appliance and select the directory where .ova file is located and then follow the steps to setup a virtual machine for SAS University Edition. After that we then integrate the “myfolders” folder with SAS shared folders to save our workspace. Now SAS University edition is ready to run. Double click the powered down option to start the machine and open a web browser after the a black screen with some text appears and enter the address for the localhost to start a new SAS session. The installation on my computer has been done and shown in Project 1.
2) After running a new SAS session we click the libraries option available on the left side of the navigation pane and then select the my libraries which shows the available libraries in SAS. We then selected the SASHELP library and opened the baseball dataset and performed some operations on it. The nAtBAt variable was sorted in ascending order, we switched between the column view i.e. variable name and variable label and nHome variable was filtered to show values which are greater than or equal to 30. Tis task was done in Project 2.
3) Following are the 4 steps involved in decision making:-
· Identification of the problem: the first step is to define the problem that we need to solve using our decision making skills. In this way we can proceed in a particular way to find the optimal solution.
· List the alternatives: once we have identified the problem we need to look at each and every aspect of the problem. We need to gather as much data as possible to make it informative. We need to take in account for every alternate solution that are possible in order to make a better decision.
· Risk assessment: for each possible alternative available we need to find the risk associated with that particular solution. Often solutions that involve high risk are not taken in account.
· Decision making: after we have identified the problem, thought about the alternate solutions and assessed the risk associated to each solution we have to select the best possible solution in order to benefit the organisation. After taking the decision we then implement it.
Chapter 2: Manipulating your data and creating a report
2.1 Project 1: Importing data from Excel file
Procedure: -
1) Click the task tab in the navigation pane and click the small triangle next to utilities. Double click the import data option to import data into SAS.
2) After that click on import data to get data into SAS. The following menu will appear:
3) Click on select file, select grades.xls where it is saved and click on open.
After clicking open following will appear:
4) Under the file information, click change button to create your own dataset. After clicking change button name the dataset as “myGrades” and click save. The dataset will be saved in work library.
5) Run the program and we can see that the dataset has been imported to work library.
6) To look at the dataset select my libraries in the navigation panel and open work library.
Double click on “myGrades” to see the dataset.
7) To create a report click on task tab in the navigation panel, select data and then select List Data. Select myGrades dataset in the work library and hit run option.
Results: -
In this project we imported data from Excel workbook using the task tab in the navigation pane. After that we selected the file that is to be imported and then named it according to “myGrades”. After that the dataset was saved in work library and under the library tab we can now browse our dataset. Using the list data option in the task tab we created a report of the “myGrades” dataset and viewed it.
2.2 Project 2: Creating a data listing
Procedure: -
1) Open SAS Studio, on the left side of the window we have the navigation panel in which we can see the tabs such as server files and folders, tasks and utilities , snippets, libraries and file shortcuts.
2) Click tasks and utilities tab in the navigation pane and then click on the small triangle next to tasks to expand it. Double click on List Data to open a new window.
3) In the data dropdown click on the icon to select the data.
4) Select the fish dataset in the SASHELP library and then hit ok.
5) Click on the plus sign to select the variables.
6) Hold the ctrl key and select the variables Species, Weight, Height and Width. Then click ok.
7) Click on options to customize the listing. In this case we will just display the first seven rows of the dataset. In the options tab under the rows to list select first n rows, input 7 in amount to display only the first seven rows of the dataset.
8) Click on run icon to display the following report.
2.3 Project 3: Creating reports
Procedure: -
1) Click on more applications options that is available on the top right side of the window. It is situated just write to the text where SAS Programmer is written.
2) Click on preferences and then on results.
3) Under the PDF option select generate PDF output and click save.
4) Download results as PDF by clicking the button which is second from the right under the result tab.
2.4 Project 4: Answering questions
PART 1:-
Procedure: -
1) Click the task tab in the navigation pane and click the small triangle next to utilities. Double click the import data option to import data into SAS.
2) After that click on import data to get data into SAS. The following menu will appear:
3) Click on select file, select employee.xls where it is saved and click on open.
After clicking open following will appear:
4) Under the file information, click change button to create your own dataset. After clicking change button name the dataset as “emp” and click save. The dataset will be saved in work library.
5) Run the program and we can see that the dataset has been imported to work library.
6) To look at the dataset select my libraries in the navigation panel and open work library.
Double click on “emp” to see the dataset.
7) To create a report click on task tab in the navigation panel, select data and then select List Data. Select “emp” dataset in the work library and hit run option.
Results: -
In this project we imported data from Excel workbook using the task tab in the navigation pane. After that we selected the file that is to be imported and then named it according to “emp”. After that the dataset was saved in work library and under the library tab we can now browse our dataset. Using the list data option in the task tab we created a report of the “emp” dataset and viewed it.
PART 2:
A model is used to define the problem and solve it using decision making techniques. The text that is used to define a model makes it easy to understand and depicts the reality of the problem. Text decreases the complexity of the model hence making it easy to understand. Also defining the problem leads to exclusion of irrelevant solutions in solving a specific problem.
Chapter 3: Introduction of Tableau software
3.1 Project 1: Installation of Tableau
Procedure: -
1) Download Tableau Public from the following site: https://public.tableau.com/en-us/s/download or we can download Tableau for students
2) For downloading Tableau for students we need to send a request to Tableau (https://www.tableau.com/academic/students#form) for getting our license approved. You will receive a Form Received mail immediately after filling the details.
Download Tableau for students ( https://www.tableau.com/products/desktop/download) and install it on your computer. First we will use the 14 days free trial. After receiving the software key from Tableau update the software to use it.
3) Download Tableau reader from the following website https://www.tableau.com/products/reader
Results: -
We downloaded the Tableau Public and Tableau Reader software on our desktop.
3.2 Project 2: Understand user interface of Tableau
Procedure: -
1) Start page has 3 panes: left, centre and right. The left pane is connect pane, centre pane is open pane and right pane is discover pane.
2) There are 2 main workspace in Tableau: Sheets and Dashboards.
· Sheets are used to visualize data for individual projects. The interface of a sheet is given below:
Left side of the sheet:
Clicking the sheet tab on the bottom of the window the data will be connected. We can see dimensions and measures. Dimensions are categorical data which include string, date and others while measure are quantitative data which can be used to perform mathematical operations.
Centre side of the sheet:
We have 3 shelf: Page shelf hides the data irrelevant to the currently selected page. Filter shelf allows to filter the categorical data, quantitative data or date fields. Marks shelf enables us to change colour, change size, add label and show details.
Right side of the sheet:
There are 2 ways to visualize data in Tableau which are available on the right side of the sheet : drag-drop and show me card.
· Dashboards are a combination of sheets which show different ways of viewing the data. When two or more sheets are placed in one dashboard then we can connect them with each other. By connecting data elements on different sheets we can design dashboards for effective communication to the audience.
Result: -
We learnt about the interface of Tableau in this project. We observed that the start page has 3 panes: connect pane, open pane and discover pane. The interface has sheets and dashboards which can be used to visualize our data and perform various mathematical operations. When sheets are placed in one dashboard we can interconnect the data elements of one sheet to another.
3.3 Project 3: Getting data into Tableau
Procedure: -
1) Start Tableau by double clicking the Tableau Public icon. On the left panel we can see several links that allow us to connect to different types of data files such as Excel, comma separated values, Access, etc.
2) Connect to data source by navigating to Microsoft Excel and click it open a new window. Select the required data and connect it to Tableau.
3) Click the open button to preview the data. A tabular view of the data will be visible in the preview area.
4) Go to the worksheet tab at the bottom of the window and select sheet1. This will move the sheet to the left side.
Blue colour is used to depict categorical data such as date, staring, etc on which we can categorize or group the data....