OPEN UNIVERSITY of MAURITIUS MBA – SEMESTER 1 Module Name: Economic Environment of Business Lecturer’s Name: Mr Somanun Seegolam INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS- READ PROPERLY THE MODE OF SUBMISSION Your...

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OPEN UNIVERSITY of MAURITIUS MBA – SEMESTER 1 Module Name: Economic Environment of Business Lecturer’s Name: Mr Somanun Seegolam INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS- READ PROPERLY THE MODE OF SUBMISSION Your assignment will be marked on a total of 30 marks. Answer all 3 questions. Submission date: 14th Oct 2020 Please note that any assignment submitted after the deadline, marks will be deducted as per assignment submission procedure document. Word limit: 4500 – 6000 words Format: Please follow the guidelines in the document “Guide to writing assignments” available on Moodle. You are required to conform to Harvard referencing style. Plagiarism will be heavily penalised and may result to non-award of marks. Please include a bibliography at the end of your document. Mode of submission: Please submit 1 soft copy directly to your respective tutor’s email address ([email protected]) and always send a soft copy on: [email protected]. Please ensure that you fill in the assignment cover sheet and attach it to your assignment. In case the assignment is received after the due date, marks will be deducted as per OU policy. The onus is on learner to ensure that the assignment reaches before/on the due date. The current penalty is 2% per day (weekends and public holidays included) for any assignment received after the due date which the tutor will deduct from the final mark. POINTS TO REMEMBER WHEN SUBMITTING YOUR ASSIGNMENT: All assignments submitted should include the assignment cover sheet (available at Moodle) The Open University of Mauritius will not hold itself responsible or liable for the non-award of marks if you fail to submit the assignment as per the required mode of submission. Assignments questions: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS Q1. OPEC AND THE PRICE OF OIL On the basis of extracts A to E, answer the following questions: (a) To what extent, if at all, do the data suggest that the reliance on fossil fuels to produce energy is falling? You must use the data in Extract C to support your assessment.[6] (b) Explain how a sustained low world market price for oil would be likely to affect the economic development of a less economically developed oil-producing country such as Nigeria or Venezuela.[9] (c) After considering the above extracts, would you recommend to the members of OPEC that they continue to restrict the supply of oil to try to raise the world market price of oil? Justify your recommendations.[10] (d) Analyse the factors which are likely to determine the success of cartels like OPEC in controlling price and output of a commodity.[6] (e) Using Figure 3 and Figure 4 from the above extracts, analyse the relationship between the price of coal and the price of oil, and how you would account for this relationship.[5] (f) Using Figure 2, analyse the likely reasons why the cost of producing oil differ between countries.[4] TOTAL: 40 MARKS Q2. (a) Suppose you are a stock market analyst specialising in the stocks of theme parks, and you are examining Disneyland’s stocks. The Wall Street Journal reports that tourism has slowed down in the United States. At Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, a new Viper roller coaster is now operating and another new ride, Psyclone, will be opening this year. Using demand and supply analysis, predict the impact of these events on ticket prices and attendance at Disneyland. As reported in The Wall Street Journal, Disneyland slashed ticket prices and admitted that attendance was somewhat lower. Is this consistent with your prediction using demand and supply analysis? In light of the fact that both price and output were falling at Disneyland, is the law of demand being violated in the world of fantasy?[15] (b) John Smith previously earned £ 10,000 a year in employment and had £ 100,000 invested in government securities, yielding 10% per annum. He sold his securities for £ 100,000 and started his own business. Initially, he rented a factory for £ 5000 per annum, but subsequently purchased it for £ 20,000, leaving £ 80,000 as the financial capital within the firm. John Smith’s accountants estimate that total revenue of the firm in the past year was £ 100,000 and total costs were £ 80,000, including a salary of £ 5000 paid to John Smith. Estimate the profit of this firm from the viewpoint of (i) The accountant (ii) The economist, explaining clearly the reason for any difference.[15] Q3 (a) What are the likely differences between a monopoly market and a monopolistic competition market, and how do firms reach equilibrium in such market situations in the long run?[15] (b) Differentiate between monetary policy, fiscal policy and supply side policies. In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, analyse the effectiveness of the major monetary, fiscal and supply-side measures that are being adopted by the authorities to minimise the economic impact of the pandemic.[15] Note: The assignment is on a total of 100 marks which will be pro-rated to 30 for final assessment. 5
Answered Same DayOct 07, 2021

Answer To: OPEN UNIVERSITY of MAURITIUS MBA – SEMESTER 1 Module Name: Economic Environment of Business...

Komalavalli answered on Oct 14 2021
146 Votes
Question 1
a)
Fossil fuels are non renewable energy source that formed while prehistoric animals and plants died, that had been gradually buried with the aid of layers of rock. Over hundreds of thousands of years, exclusive sorts of fossil fuels fashioned relying on what mixture of natural count number was present, how lengthy it became buried and what temperature and stress situations existed as time surpassed.
Today, fossil gasoline industries drill or mine for those power assets, burn them to provide electricity, or refine them for use as gas for heating or transportation. Over the last twenty years, nearly three-fourths of human-brought on emissions came from the burning of fossil fuels.
Lets us use the information from extract c and find the consumption pattern of fossil fuels changes from 2006 to 2016.
Energy consu
mption of fossil fuel during 2006 to 2016
     
    Fossil fuel Energy consumption
 
     
    2006
    2009
    2012
    2015
    2016
    oil
    3984
    3956
    4176
    4341
    4418
    Natural gas
    2573
    2676
    2997
    3147
    3204
    Coal
    3294
    3476
    3817
    3785
    3732
    Total Fossil fuel
    9851
    10108
    10990
    11273
    11354
Source:BP statistical review of world energy 2017
From above table we can see that consumption of total fossil fuel was increasing from 2006 to 2016.There are 3 types of fossil fuel energy consumption in the nation they are oil, natural gas and coal.
Graphical representation of energy consumption of fossil fuel during 2006 to 2016
Source:BP statistical review of world energy 2017
From above graph we can see that out three types of fossil fuel energy consumption, Consumption of energy which is extracted from oil was at increasing trend, coal and natural gas energy consumption shows a decreasing trend. It is clear that the oil consumption was high compared to other 2 types of fossil fuel energy consumption
Energy consumption of Total and fossil fuel during 2006 to 2016
    
    2006
    2009
    2012
    2015
    2016
    Total Fossil fuel
    9851
    10108
    10990
    11273
    11354
    Total energy consumption
    11267
    11603
    12620
    13106
    13276
Source:BP statistical review of world energy 2017
Table shows that the consumption of fossil fuel was more compared to other renewable energy resource.
Graphical representation of energy consumption:
Source:BP statistical review of world energy 2017
The above graph indicates that the gap between total fossil fuel energy consumption and total energy consumption was less this means people are consuming more fossil fuel compared to other energy source. Later on the gap between total fossil fuel energy consumption and total energy consumption is widening this indicating that the fossil fuel energy consumption is decreasing and people are demanding other kind of energy source for consumption in the nation.
b)
From extract D we can see that the fall in oil price leads to a contraction of oil industry in oil exporting nation and it also has another impact on the countries economy. Reduction in oil price leads to decrease in oil based government revenue for Middle East and North Africa. Middle East and South Africa government revenue was mostly depend on the oil production.This reduction in government revenue leads to decrease public spending in the nation which affects the growth of a nation. Decrease in oil price leads to current account deficit which resulted in inflationary pressure in the economy which in turn reduces the living standard of people in oil producing nation. It also mentioned that the Nigerian economy heavily damaged due to low oil price and reduction in oil production. In 2016 the country entered in to recession phase of a business cycle with reduction real gross domestic product (GDP) by 1.5%.Price level in this nation had been doubled to 18.6 per cent this reflected in exchange rate of Nigerian currency. They faced an increase in budget deficit from 3.5 percent of GDP in 2015 to 4.7 per cent of GDP in 2016.
Over 95 percent of export income and 50 per cent of the government revenue was dependent on oil industry in Venezuela. It is calculated that the Venezuela economy was contracted by 10 percent in 2016 after a similar fall in real gross domestic product during 2015.In 2016 the inflation rate was very high , which is almost 275 per cent. This led to shortage of medicine, food in the nation. Overall fall in price lead to affect the growth of economy.
From this we can conclude that fall in oil price will worsen the nation who are involved in oil production and benefits the nation who are importing oil from oil producing country.
c)
OPEC is an organization of Petroleum exporting nation which is an everlasting, intergovernmental organization, created on the Baghdad convention on September 10–14, 1960, by means of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. The five Founding members were later joined by way of: Qatar (1961) – terminated its club in January 2019; Indonesia (1962) – suspended its club in January 2009, reactivated it in January 2016, but determined to droop it again in November 2016; Libya (1962); United Arab Emirates (1967); Algeria (1969); Nigeria (1971); Ecuador (1973) – suspended its club in December 1992, reactivated it in October 2007, however decided to withdraw its club effective 1 January 2020; Angola (2007); Gabon (1975) - terminated its club in January 1995 however rejoined in July 2016; Equatorial Guinea (2017); and Congo (2018). OPEC had its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, in the first five years of its lifestyles. This becomes moved to Vienna, Austria, on September 1, 1965.
OPEC's objective is to co-ordinate and unify petroleum regulations among Member nations, so one can cozy honest and strong fees for petroleum manufacturers; an green, monetary and ordinary deliver of petroleum to consuming international locations; and a fair go back on capital to those investing in the industry.
From extract A we understood that OPEC supplies 42 per cent of global oil production which was almost half of the world’s oil supply in 2015.It was also having 73 per cent of world oil reserve. From given information we can say that OPEC is a major supplier of oil to the world and it has the power to control the world market. Pricing nature of OPEC is cartel. A cartel is an organization made from a formal settlement between collections of manufacturers of a very good or service to modify deliver to be able to alter or manage price of a product. This indicates organization of Petroleum exporting country will fix price above perfectly competitive market price in order to earn a super normal profit. This can be applicable till 2015 after that cartel pricing won’t work. It is because people are switching from fossil fuel consumption to renewable energy resource. This indicates that demand for oil consumption is reducing over the period, so if OPEC follows cartel method it will be hard for them to earn normal or supernormal profit. Therefore I would recommend the organization of Petroleum exporting countries not to have a control over on supply or pricing of oil.
d)
Power of OPEC in 1970
OPEC’s rise to strength and prominence in international oil markets as well as global relations occurred at some stage in the Nineteen Seventies. With OPEC’s emphasis on exercise countrywide sovereignty over natural assets, member countries took control in their home petroleum industries and together started to have a chief say inside the pricing of oil in global oil markets.
The first possibility for OPEC to flex its collective muscle got here with the outbreak of the Arab-Israeli struggle of 1973. Whilst Egypt invaded Israel to begin the battle, OPEC took the decision to area an embargo on the USA and its allies that supported Israel. Referred to as the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, it's miles frequently called “the first oil surprise.” fees quadrupled from USD 3 in keeping with barrel to nearly USD 12 globally from September 1973 until March 1974 whilst the embargo was ultimately lifted.
After the embargo, it become decided by means of OPEC that in place of using fees up, which discourages consumption and encourages funding in opportunity resources, it would be exceptional to undertake an approach that works to stabilize prices. This would guarantee a regular supply of oil to customers, however also a steady circulate of earnings to the...
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