please look for project_1 to complete project 2 and follow the instruction on project2
Project2 Project 2 Details Due: 07 December 2022 You will create a comparative report by combining your research on the three operating systems, using tables and examples to highlight the similarities and differences. It is expected that the students will use several technical sources and analyze the operating system, using a set of criteria agreed upon by the decided by the student. This project is a continuation of what was accomplished in Project 1. You may incorporate some of the material used in the previous submission, as part of the final report. The focus on this second report is to provide a recommendation for final selection. Be sure to be specific on your final recommendation! Finally, note the report length: As with Project 1, all supporting technical documentation should be contained in Appendices. You may find that your report should begin with a short (no more than 2 paragraphs) executive summary, indicating your recommendation. Background You have just submitted your preliminary report to your organization’s Chief Information Officer (CIO) comparing operating system environments and received excellent feedback about the approach, criteria used and recommendations. The Executive Group has asked that you complete your investigation by including a section about file systems and I/O device support and applicability within a distributed environment. You remember that the organization is interested in hearing about how each of the operating systems handle the following: 1. Utilisation for both desktop and server-based file sharing 2. Ease of use and availability of device support for printing and mobile devices This time, however, they would also like to hear not just about technical capabilities of each of the operating system, but also some ideas about the implications of the design of the operating system, from a performance perspective. Report: Criteria & Final Recommendation 1. Using the criteria list you developed continue to evaluate the operating systems. If you decide to change any the criteria, be sure to identify the changes in an Appendix document. 2. Develop a 7-page report on the three operating systems (you may reference material from Project 1) and recommendation on choice of operating system and deployment strategy. In the report, provide the following: ➢ Describe each operating system in terms of file systems structure and I/O device support. Indicate any special requirements considered necessary when providing support for distributed, mobile computing using clustered file serving. ➢ Identify how each operating system handles deployment within a distributed and mobile environment. Investigate performance factors that might influence the choice of a single operating system vs. the choice for a combination approach for operating systems ➢ Present to the CIO and the Executive Group a recommendation for choice of operating system(s). Describe your recommendation in terms of the deployment strategy you identified and how your recommendation fulfills the need for operating system reliability and stability. Your report should include references to technical material used, and can include tables and comparison charts for easy of reading. Provide industry created benchmarks for performance (if available). Note: You must submit your completed Project 2 in PDF format to the “Proj_2” directory in your server directory structure. The filename of your assignment must be Project_2.pdf. Use of a different filename or putting the file in the wrong directory will result in a zero grade for the assignment. REPORT: CRITERIA & PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION Name: Zulfiqar Ali Student number: 300186344 Due:18th Nov 2022 Course: CIS341 Table of Contents Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction for each operating system........................................................................................... 3 Technical characteristics of process and memory management ..................................................... 5 Technical findings ........................................................................................................................... 6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 8 References ....................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction Operating systems are the interface between computer hardware and computer users. It is the software that performs all basic tasks like process management, file management, process management and handling output and input. It enables the application to interact with computer hardware. It includes core components that are known as kernels. The study provides comparison between Windows OS, Linux OS and Mac OS. Introduction for each operating system Windows is the graphical operating system that was developed by Microsoft. This allows users to store and view files for running the software, watches video, play games and provides a way for connecting to the internet. This operating system provides all fundamental functions. The advantage of Windows OS is that it is a commonly used OS and it is used by most of the merchants. It is one of the most convenient operating systems that are simple to use. This OS is most suitable for web-site hosting and file serving (Adekotujo et al. 2020, pp. 17). It provides the appropriate platform for programming and gaming that can be used for utilizing windows for creating applications. The disadvantage is that as this is a commonly used OS, it is mostly targeted by hackers. The framework turns out to be delayed for execution and it needs to be rebooted. Specific Hardware requirements of Windows OS: ● Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or SoC ● RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit ● Hard disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-bit OS Linux is an open source operating system and it includes the use of software that can be managed directly with system resources and hardware like memory, CPU and storage. This OS is suitable for use but the UI is a little complicated for file sharing but it provides a good platform for web- site hosting (Kononova et al. 2020, pp. 3). The advantage of using this OS is that it is free and does not require any licenses and it is highly cost effective. Linux is not much exposed to viruses and it does not require installation of any Antivirus software. The disadvantage is that most of the applications commonly used are not available for Linux. It does not provide the platform that can be widely used for gaming and other developments. Specific Hardware requirements of Linux OS: ● Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster processor or SoC ● RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) ● Hard disk space: 4-5 GB Mac OS is the operating system that is used in every Mac PC and laptops. It is designed specifically for the Mac environment and it comes with an entire suite with beautifully designed applications. It is perfect for desktop and file sharing is only possible for Mac environments and web-site hosting is simple in this environment. The advantage of Mac OS is that it has a lesser number of active users for viruses (Pham DP et al. 2019, pp. 251). It ensures getting good response from the support team as compared with other operating systems. The disadvantage of Mac OS is that it is the most expensive OS in the market. There is no hardware customization available and it is not possible to change hardware accessories like internal parts. Specific Hardware requirements of Mac OS: ● Processor: M1 Chip or better ● RAM: 8 gigabyte (GB) ● Hard disk space: 256 GB SSD storage drive Technical characteristics of process and memory management In the Windows OS, it includes the use of virtual address space for every 32-bit process and it allows upto use of 4 GB of memory. The process can have 8 TB of address space for 64-bit windows. All threads can be accessed and it is visible for the address space of the process. Threads do have the access to the memory of another process and it can help in protecting the process from being damaged (Jensen, Shalaginov and Dyrkolbotn, 2020, pp. 3). The process for virtual address space provides with the range for memory addresses that can be used and it can help in addressing the process that is private and it can be accessed through other processes. The memory management in Linux OS is responsible for managing the memory that is inside the system and it contains the implementation of virtual memory and demand paging. It contains memory allocation for kernel internal structures and user space programs. It uses a management subsystem that includes file mapping in the address pace for processes (Malallah et al. 2021, pp. 21). It includes a subsystem that is complicated with several configurable settings and every setting is available by the proc file system that could be acquired and adjusted. It includes functionalities for supporting various systems through the MMU less microcontroller to the computer. The memory management in Mac OS and it required understanding of modern virtual memory systems. In the virtual memory management system of this OS, it provides distinction between virtual, physical and real memory. The OS decides the portion of which the processor exists in the physical memory in the given time. The design process is complex and it uses recent usage statistics for the decision making (Vera Alvarez R et al. 2019, pp. 1961). The process needs to be swapped out of a piece of memory and it will be transferred from the disk to the physical memory. In the virtual memory files get memory mapped and the disk may be accessed from a series of the memory pages. Technical findings Windows OS Linux OS Mac OS Market Share The