PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS This is doctoral work !! Provide 1 response to this post. VERY IMPORTANT-This instructor grades really hard and I need quality response for each student post. Please no negative response and keep it professional. Please do not use fake references, and this instructor will check and this instructor will check Please keep plagiarism under !0% or lower
MY POST- Marcus Mccall 2:19pmJun 16 at 2:19pm Introduction The research methodologies used in the past were mainly quantitative research until the 1980s. But both the research methodologies are technical. It is a matter of choice and the suitability to answer specific research questions, which differentiates quantitative research from qualitative research. This research will discuss the impact of various leadership styles on employees. We will conduct a qualitative analysis through which we will be able to determine that the qualitative research process is better than quantitative research. Analysis In today's world, knowledge is a significant resource for firms. Hence, the employees need to constantly upgrade their professional and expert knowledge to accomplish the desired objectives. The leadership style plays a crucial role in assessing its impact on employee performance (Ogbeide, Groves, & Cho, 2008). The best model of leadership will be providing complete autonomy to the employees. This motivates the employees and makes them loyal to the tasks. This also increases their performance and organizational productivity (Kim & Beehr, 2018). There are many leadership styles among wh, ich the most important are transaction on type, where the employees who achieve high are appreciated and rewarded (Batista-Taran et al., 2009). In addition, organizational performance slightly enhances the employees' performance (İscan, Ersar ̧ & Naktiyok, 2014). Secondly, its transformational leadership influences the employees through comicality and personalized communication instead of punishments. It also helps increase employee performance and productivity (Zhu, Chew, & Spangler, 2005). Thirdly, it's the laissez-faire style implemented by the leaders when they are hesitant in making decisions, accountability, and responsibilities. Laissez-faire leads to dissatisfaction among the organization's employees (Luthans et al., 2007). The research was conducted on the textile industry in Pakistan with 210 lower and mid-level managers to identify the best leadership style. For evaluating the model, PLS SEMPLS-SEMed as quantitative research to obtain the confidence level for all the leadership styles. The transformational leadership significant p-value is 0.050 and is less than 0.05. This means the employee's performance increases due to transformation leadership. On the other hand, the transactional leadership p-value was 0.194. It was more than 0.05, which shows that this form of leadership has no impact on the performance of employees—finally, Laissez-faire, whose p-value was -0.273 and was negative. Hence, laissez-faire influences the employees' performances negatively. Even if used qualitative research to identify the best leadership style in the Pakistan textile industry, the number of people surveyed for the quantitative analysis was too small. Also, the research results could have been dissimilar for other sectors. Hence, it is a qualitative research based on the experience of various researchers and is widely accepted for this study (Maxwell, 2006). Further, qualitative research recognizes the ever-changing human attitudes and does not generalize the research study. Finally, in qualitative research, the researcher tries to collect data, evaluate and interpret and record the outcomes. Instead of relying on the numbers in the case of quantitative analysis, the qualitative researcher tries to understand and observe the participant's feedback through empathetic understanding. Therefore, qualitative research tries to find the reality through social structuring (Guba and Lincoln, 1989). Conclusion Hence, while quantitative research is concerned with quantifying the social marvels, qualitative research is more focused on evaluating the social perspectives and considers the more significant attributes among a few cases. Thus, quantitative researchers try to study various views in a social environment and how they receive information from the people. References: Batista-Taran, L. C., Shuck, M. B., Gutierrez, C. C., & Baralt, S. (2009). The role of leadership style in employee engagement. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual College of Education & GSN Research Conference, 15–20. Guba, E. & Lincoln, Y. (1985), "Naturalistic Inquiry." Newbury Park, CA: Sage. İscan, ÖF, Ersar ̧ ı, G., & Naktiyok, A. (2014). Effect of leadership style on perceived organizational performance and Innovation: The role of transformational leadership beyond the impact of transactional leadership – An application among Turkish SMEs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 881–889. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.097 Kim, M., & Beehr, T. A. (2018). Self-efficacy and psychological ownership mediate empowering leadership's effects on good and bad employee behaviors (April 2017). doi:10.1177/1548051817702078 Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60 Maxwell, J.A. (2006), "Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach." (2nd ed.). Thousand Islands: Sage (3), 541–572. Ogbeide, G. C. A., Groves, J. L., & Cho, S. (2008). Leadership styles of foodservice managers' and subordinates' perceptions. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 9(4), 1–22. doi:10.1080/15280080802520529 Zhu, W., Chew, I. K. H., & Spangler, W. D. (2005). CEO transformational leadership and organizational outcomes: The mediating role of human–capital-enhancing human resource management. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(1), 39–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.06.001 DISCUSSION: Qualitative vs. Quantitative How are the philosophical assumptions and paradigms used in qualitative studies different from most quantitative studies? Why did you choose to take this class on qualitative research? What is the area that you are most unsure about in designing a qualitative study? Denisia Dunmore 5:01pmJun 16 at 5:01pm Hi Marcus, Thanks for your discussion response. Do you mind addressing the additional required questions as well: Why did you choose to take this class on qualitative research? What is the area that you are most unsure about in designing a qualitative study? I look forward to your follow-up. Paulette Morris 8:34pmJun 16 at 8:34pm Hello, Marcus. In reading your response, the differences in the paradigms appear to be the type of approaches used to collect the data, the way the data is analyzed, and the idea behind the research. When designing research, an approach or method suitable to the questions being asked is necessary to obtain an accurate result in the study. If you were seeking to discover how a affects b, then a qualitative study will be more feasible because it allows you to analyze the correlation between variables. However, suppose you were seeking to discover how individuals perceive working more than eight hours daily on a job. In that case, a qualitative study will be more likely because you can obtain information from the participant's point of view and serve as an actual participant in understanding the phenomena. The quantitative paradigm concentrates on systematically measuring variables and testing hypotheses. However, qualitative research contends that reality is socially constructed social behavior and follows socially constructed norms. The study focuses on an interpretative paradigm and is centered around the use of inductive logic. Qualitative researchers seek to understand the individuals being observed from a participant, native, or actor viewpoint ( Creswell & Poth, 2017 & Stawecki, 2018). The researcher acts as the instrument for data collection and observations, asking questions, collecting data, making interpretations, and recording what is observed is done by the researcher. There is an emphasis on generalization, validity, and reliability as in quantitative research. However, there are methods for assuring that what is being reported is what has been observed. The study's accuracy can be verified using a triangulation approach (Creswell & Poth, 2017). The qualitative research paradigm focuses on taking a course of action to employ neutrality and participation in exploring concepts and experiences in greater detail. I know the course focuses on qualitative research. However, do you think there are times when a mixed approach may be more effective for the research study? References Creswell. J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4thd ed). https://platform.virdocs.com/r/s/0/doc/423768/sp/245967836/mi/719524723 Sławecki, B. (2018). Paradigms in qualitative research. In Qualitative methodologies in organization studies. 7-26 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65217-7_2 Victoria Yates TuesdayJun 14 at 1:11pm Qualitative vs. Quantitative How are the philosophical assumptions and paradigms used in qualitative studies different from most quantitative studies? Philosophical assumptions and paradigms: Qualitative studies As it states in Creswell. J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches "An understanding of the philosophical assumptions behind qualitative research begins with assessing where it fits within the overall process of research, noting its importance as an element of research, and considering how to actively write it into a study. To help in this process, we use a framework to guide understanding of how philosophical assumptions and interpretive frameworks (paradigm perspectives and theoretical orientations) are situated within and influential to the research process. Philosophy means the use of abstract ideas and beliefs that inform our research. We know that philosophical assumptions are typically the first ideas in developing a study, but how they relate to the overall process of research remains a mystery. It is here that adapting an overview of the process of research compiled by Denzin and Lincoln (2011, p. 12), as shown in Figure 2.1, helps us to situate philosophy and interpretative frameworks into perspective in the research process. The questions embedded within each phase help you begin to explore the philosophical assumptions you bring to research." Compared to Quantitative research as followed by the positivist is deductive in nature. Concepts and constructs are measured and used to test theories and hypotheses. Causal relationships are the norm as are generalisations to enable predictions and understanding. Emphasis is placed on validity and reliability of the research instruments (Creswell, 1994;