Section I (30 points): Explain the Following Terms; no less than 75 words for each question 1. Epistemology2. Axiology3.Correspondence Theory of Truth 4. Plato & The Republic5.Socrates & Apology6....

Section I (30 points): Explain the Following Terms; no less than 75 words for each
question

Epistemology: The branch of philosophy that deals with knowledge is known as Epistemology.
The term was coined by Scottish philosopher James F. Ferrier in 1856 and etymologically the
word is derived from Greek episteme meaning knowledge, from epistanai meaning to
understand, and from histanai which means to cause to stand (“Epistemology”, n.d.). This branch
of philosophy is specifically concerned with the nature, source, and limits of knowledge and
primarily it emphasizes on propositional knowledge rather than focusing on other forms of
knowledge (Klein, 2005).
Axiology: Axiology is that branch of philosophy which deals with the theory of value. This
branch of philosophy is concerned about the inquiry into the metaphysical status of value along
with its nature and criteria and this branch of philosophy is again sub-divided into two broad
division – ethics and aesthetics (“Main Divisions of Philosophy”, n.d.). The pivotal emphasis of
Axiology is to find whether or not values are rationally or objectively based and whether or not
the distinction between intrinsic and instrumental values can be maintained properly (“Main
Divisions of Philosophy”, n.d.). But it should be kept in mind that the primary endeavor of this
branch of philosophy is to ascertain the related between values, desire, will, means to end etc
(“Main Divisions of Philosophy”, n.d.).
Correspondence Theory of Truth: The correspondence theory of truth is the view that there is
a correspondence between a particular truth and a particular fact and this view was advocated in
the 20th century especially by Russell and Moore (David, 2009). To be very precise among the
theories of truth the correspondence theory of truth is the most intuitive one and this theory
directly relates truth to reality by asserting that a statement can only be termed true if and when it
describes the world which is real (“Truth”, n.d.).
Plato and the Republic: One of the longest and the greatest works of Plato is The Republic and
through this work Plato has distinctly described what a statesman is, what should be the ideal
forms of institutions of the State and what should be the laws guiding them, and moreover, this is
the only large work of Plato in which there is the deepest irony and the greatest wealth of humor
and imagery infused with a greater dramatic power (“The Republic by Plato”, 2002).
Socrates and Apology: The Apology of Socrates is a work by Plato which conveys about the
trial against Socrates that took place in Athens in around 399 B.C. and through this philosophical
work Plato tried to reveal how Socrates defended himself firstly by dividing the accusers into
two groups, the old and the new (“Apology of Socrates”, n.d.). But it should be remembered that
Plato’s endeavor in this work is not to give a mere description of how Socrates defended himself
or what was the outcome of the trial but in this work Plato tried to bridge the division between
philosophy and literature and did try to depict the image of an ideal philosopher.
Ethical Relativism: Ethical Relativism can be understood as the prescriptive view that different
ethical standards evaluating right or wrong conducts are maintained by different groups of
people belonging to different societies and these different standards of ethical evaluations are not
in parity with each other and so it may be termed that ethics is relative and there cannot be any
existence of an absolute and unanimous ethical standard and moreover, the proponents of ethical
relativism opine that “An absolute ethical standard has never been proved beyond doubt in the
history of thought” (“Philosophy 302: Ethics: Ethical Relativism”, n.d.).
Metaphysic and Cosmology: Metaphysic is an important branch of philosophy...