stats work, typically charge 35QUESTION 1 1. A limitation of ex post facto research is that a....

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stats work, typically charge 35QUESTION 1 1. A limitation of ex post facto research is that 	 	a. 	generalizations concerning cause and effect are difficult to justify. 	 	b. 	behavioral observations are difficult and time consuming. 	 	c. 	comparison groups cannot be used. 	 	d. 	null hypotheses cannot be tested. 	 	e. 	random sampling is not possible. 0.5 points    QUESTION 2 1. A major difference between experimental research and ex post facto research is that 	 	a. 	in experimental research manipulation of variables is possible, while in ex post facto it is not possible to manipulate the variables. 	 	b. 	in experimental research the researcher is always testing a hypothesis, while in ex post facto research hypothesis testing is not involved. 	 	c. 	a test of significance is applied to the data collected in an experiment, while descriptive-type statistics are used to analyze data collected in an ex post facto research. 	 	d. 	in experimental research there are two or more groups of subjects to be compared, while in ex post facto research one group of subjects is being studied. 0.5 points    QUESTION 3 1. A spurious relationship is one in which 	 	a. 	the independent variable has direct control of the dependent variables. 	 	b. 	the independent variable cannot manipulate the dependent variables. 	 	c. 	in independent variable can cause variations on all variables. 	 	d. 	the two variables really have no effect on each other but are related because another variable influences both. 0.5 points    QUESTION 4 1. One example of the need for ex post facto research is: 	 	a. 	researchers cannot use statistical tests to locate the significant differences between groups following an analysis of covariance in ex post facto research. 	 	b. 	cost considerations due to the expense of experimental design. Failing to state alternative hypotheses that could account for an observed relationship. 	 	c. 	researchers are able to control for other independent variables that could influence the results. 	 	d. 	researchers cannot randomly assign children to high or low class groups. 0.5 points    QUESTION 5 1. A correlation of -0.65 between test anxiety and college GPA means that 	 	a. 	test anxiety causes low grades in college. 	 	b. 	low grades contribute to high test anxiety among college students. 	 	c. 	students with high test anxiety tend to get lower grades than students with low test anxiety. 	 	d. 	there is negligible correlation between the two variables. 0.5 points    QUESTION 6 1. A researcher found a correlation of +1.21 between variables A and B. This means that 	 	a. 	there is a high relationship between the two variables. 	 	b. 	a mistake has been made in computation of the coefficient of correlation between the two variables. 	 	c. 	the relationship between the two variables is perfect. 	 	d. 	the variables could be predicted from one another with a high degree of accuracy. 0.5 points    QUESTION 7 1. A scattergram is helpful because it illustrates the 	 	a. 	All of these options are true. 	 	b. 	direction (+ or -) of a relationship between two variables. 	 	c. 	magnitude of the relationship between two variables. 	 	d. 	the magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables. 	 	e. 	presence of a nonlinear relationship between two variables. 0.5 points    QUESTION 8 1. An advantage of correlational studies is that they 	 	a. 	focus on an individual or small groups in depth. 	 	b. 	isolate cause–effect relationships between variables. 	 	c. 	indicate the strength of relationship between variables. 	 	d. 	provide for control of extraneous variables. 0.5 points    QUESTION 9 1. A graduate student developed the achievement test used in her study. It is most important that the description of the test presented in the methods section of the dissertation include 	 	a. 	item analysis data. 	 	b. 	All of these options are correct. 	 	c. 	findings of other studies using a similar measure. 	 	d. 	instructions for administration of the test. 	 	e. 	evidence of validity and reliability. 0.5 points    QUESTION 10 1. A quantitative researcher who finds positive results with respect to the hypothesis of the study can report that the results____________ the hypothesis. 	 	a. 	verify 	 	b. 	prove 	 	c. 	confirm 	 	d. 	support 0.5 points    QUESTION 11 1. A researcher finds no relationship between building papier-mâché volcanoes and knowledge about volcanoes. The researcher should state that 	 	a. 	there is no relationship between building papier-mâché volcanoes and knowledge about volcanoes. 	 	b. 	there is probably a relationship between building papier-mâché volcanoes and knowledge about volcanoes, but it can't be demonstrated at this time. 	 	c. 	Any of these options is correct. 	 	d. 	the evidence is not sufficient to say there is a relationship between building papier-mâché volcanoes and knowledge about volcanoes. 0.5 points    QUESTION 12 1. Achieving statistically significant results means that the results 	 	a. 	are applicable to situations similar to that of the study. 	 	b. 	are what was predicted by the hypothesis of the study. 	 	c. 	All of these options are correct. 	 	d. 	are unlikely to be due to chance alone. 0.5 points    QUESTION 13 1. After an experiment was in progress, a researcher learned that the experimental group had a more experienced teacher than did the control group. Should the researcher mention this fact in the research report? 	 	a. 	Yes, any factor that might affect the internal validity of the experiment should be reported. 	 	b. 	No, it is not necessary for the reader to know all the details about problems which arise during the course of a study. 0.5 points    QUESTION 14 1. An investigator found no significant correlation between the grades that teachers earned in education courses and the principals' ratings of those teachers. The investigator should conclude 	 	a. 	grades in education courses are related to teacher success, but the present measuring instruments are inadequate for showing this relationship. 	 	b. 	principals are unable to recognize good teaching. 	 	c. 	None of these options is correct. 	 	d. 	grades in education courses are unrelated to teacher success. 	 	e. 	education courses have no influence on teacher performance. 0.5 points    QUESTION 15 1. Power is in part a function of 	 	a. 	how the hypothesis was stated. 	 	b. 	sample size. 	 	c. 	All of these options are correct. 	 	d. 	the homogeneity of the subjects on the independent variables. 0.5 points    QUESTION 16 1. In an introductory science class, 80 student volunteers were randomly assigned, in equal number, to take a class for a letter grade or for a simple pass/fail grade. At the end of the semester, the mean achievement score for the letter grade group was 86.2 and for the pass/fail group was 79.8. The calculated t = 4.60, p

Pooja · Accepted Answer

QUESTION 1
1. A limitation of ex post facto research is that
	
	a.
	generalizations concerning cause and effect are difficult to justify.
	
	b.
	behavioral observations are difficult and time consuming.
	
	c.
	comparison groups cannot be used.
	
	d.
	null hypotheses cannot be tested.
	
	e.
	random sampling is not possible.
0.5 points   
QUESTION 2
1. A major difference between experimental research and ex post facto research is that
	
	a.
	in experimental research manipulation of variables is possible, while in ex post facto it is not possible to manipulate the variables.
	
	b.
	in experimental research the researcher is always testing a hypothesis, while in ex post facto research hypothesis testing is not involved.
	
	c.
	a test of significance is applied to the data collected in an experiment, while descriptive-type statistics are used to analyze data collected in an ex post facto research.
	
	d.
	in experimental research there are two or more groups of subjects to be compared, while in ex post facto research one group of subjects is being studied.
0.5 points   
QUESTION 3
1. A spurious relationship is one in which
	
	a.
	the independent variable has direct control of the dependent variables.
	
	b.
	the independent variable cannot manipulate the dependent variables.
	
	c.
	in independent variable can cause variations on all variables.
	
	d.
	the two variables really have no effect on each other but are related because another variable influences both.
0.5 points   
QUESTION 4
1. One example of the need for ex post facto research is:
	
	a.
	researchers cannot use statistical tests to locate the significant differences between groups following an analysis of covariance in ex post facto research.
	
	b.
	cost considerations due to the expense of experimental design. Failing to state alternative hypotheses that could account for an observed relationship.
	
	c.
	researchers are able to control for other independent variables that could influence the results.
	
	d.

QUESTION 1 1. A limitation of ex post facto research is that a. generalizations concerning cause and effect are difficult to justify. b. behavioral observations are difficult and time consuming. c....

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