V:1E + %EVO خضير. . . . عدي محمد Primary bonding is generally defined as a donation and also defined as mutual sharing of valence electrons between the two different atoms of an element that leads to...

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Extracted text: V:1E + %EVO خضير. . . . عدي محمد Primary bonding is generally defined as a donation and also defined as mutual sharing of valence electrons between the two different atoms of an element that leads to fulfilling the valence shell configuration and it aslo becoming more stable normally The types of primary bonding are; 1. Ionic Bonding: here the electron is generally donated by an atom to another atom to attain a stable condition and the metal donates electrons to nonmetals. salt( NaCI) is an example of this bonding. transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine Na CI From the above figure, the valence electron from the sodium atom is donated to the chlorine atom and those two reach their stable state after the process (8 electrons in the outermost orbit). magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide are examples of ionic bonding 2. Covalent Bonding; here there is a mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms of molecules. water( H2O) is an example of covalent bonding water (H,O) In the above figure; the mutual sharing of electrons between the oxygen atoms and also hydrogen atom to achieve the stable state. methane( CH4), ammonia ( NH3), Diamond are examples and these bonding are less stronger than ionic bonding.Some other types of bonding are metallic bonding and hydrogen bonding ete メX **