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Workplace scenario and job specifications: You are working as an urban designer in a civil construction company. Your company has received a project to design and prepare urban roads. The organisation has provided you with access to the following documents: ▪ drawings ▪ specifications ▪ design briefs ▪ engineering surveys ▪ geotechnical information ▪ hydrological, meteorological, cultural and heritage data ▪ test results of construction materials for urban roads ▪ data for selecting design options for urban roads The organisation wants you to applying civil design techniques, including the following, to prepare detailed designs of urban roads: ▪ computer-aided drafting design (CADD) and drafting technology ▪ engineering graphical presentation techniques Workplace requirements Further, the training organisation must ensure the construction site must meet the requirements given in the table below. The training organisation must ensure that the civil construction sites prepare detailed designs of urban roads on at least two (2) occasions. The work includes: • Carrying out risk assessments • Evaluating design options for urban roads • Interpreting and analysing data and performing calculations to determine the design of the urban roads. • Preparing design plans for urban roads • Preparing cost estimates • Obtaining design approval • Participating in performance reviews of design processes • Providing clarification and advice to personnel implementing the design • Maintaining design and cost records • Validating designs. This assessment task requires the student to prepare detailed designs of urban roads in civil construction. This includes: • Carrying out risk assessments • Evaluating design options for urban roads • Interpreting and analysing data and performing calculations to determine the design of the urban roads. • Preparing design plans for urban roads • Preparing cost estimates • Obtaining design approval • Participating in performance reviews of design processes • Providing clarification and advice to personnel implementing the design • Maintaining design and cost records • Validating designs. To do so, you will be required to complete the following activities on two (2) occasions: • Activity 1: Plan and prepare for the detailed design of urban roads • Activity 2: Prepare detailed designs of urban roads • Activity 3: Finalise design processes of urban roads • Activity 4: Validate designs The training organisation must assign a Supervisor to each student or take on the role of Supervisor. The worksite must have realistic tasks or simulated tasks, relevant specifications and work instructions, standard work practices, safety requirements and environmental constraints. The site and its surroundings are accessible and clear of hazards, so far as reasonably practicable. The site must have realistic workplace conditions, standards, materials, activities, responsibilities, procedures, safety requirements, and environmental considerations. An experienced employee is available to provide adequate guidance and supervision to less experienced employees. The students have the clothing and footwear required. In addition, the clothing and footwear are in good condition and suitable for the task. Activity 1: Plan and prepare for the detailed design of urban roads This activity requires you to plan and prepare for the detailed design of urban roads. To complete this activity, you are required to: • Complete the steps given in the ‘Checklist 1’ provided. • Document the outcomes using Template 1 – Template 3. While completing each step, you must place a tick mark against each step given in the checklist once completed. Checklist 1: Plan and prepare for the detailed design of urban roads Steps Occasion 1 Occasion 2 Step 1: Access and interpret urban road design documentation and ensure the work activity is compliant • Access the following road design documentation: o Known and potential hazards, constraints and conditions o Cultural and heritage data o Geological data o Geotechnical data o Hydrological data o Survey data o Meteorological data • Consult with the Supervisor and team members and ensure the work activity is compliant. • Conduct risk assessments of the existing and potential hazards considering the urban road design documentation. o Evaluate the layout of the roads and determine five (5) risks associated with the following: ▪ pavement ▪ surface treatment ▪ traffic signals ▪ sub-surface drainage ▪ traffic management systems ▪ underground services ▪ civil structures ▪ lighting ▪ environmental controls ▪ landscaping o Calculate risk rating. o Determine and document risk controls for each risk identified and document using Template 1 • Further, document the following using Template 2. o Documents reviewed o Checks conducted to check compliance with the work activity. o Outcomes of the checks conducted. Step 2: Obtain, read, interpret, clarify and confirm work requirements. • Consult your Supervisor and obtain work requirements for the design of urban roads. • Read the work requirements. • Consult relevant authorities and interpret work requirements. • Clarify and confirm project work requirements and information with relevant authorities. Step 3: Prepare a design plan using Template 3, which makes the best use of the available resources and meets the design requirements. Include the following information in the design plan: • Human resource requirements • Design hardware and software • Coordination requirements • Scheduling • Review requirements • Design process communication and reporting requirements Template 1: Risk assessment (Occasion 1) Risk assessment Risks (Any five) Risk likelihood Risk consequence Risk rating Risk controls Sign off: Date: Template 2: Compliance check Compliance check Client Name: Student to fill Address: Student to fill Phone Number: Student to fill Date(dd/mm/yyyy) Student to fill Worker name: Job Details: Compliace check Worker signature: Documents reviewed Checks conducted to check complaice of the work activity. (50-100 words) Outcomes of the checks conducted. (150-200 words) Sign off: Date: Template 3: Design plan Design plan Client Name: Student to fill Address: Student to fill Phone Number: Student to fill Date(dd/mm/yyyy) Student to fill Worker name: Job Details: Compliace check Worker signature: Human resource requirements (50-100 words) Design hardware and software (50-100 words) Coordination requirements (50- 100 words) Scheduling Review requirements (50- 100 words) Design process communication and reporting requirements (50-100 words) Sign off: Date: Activity 2: Prepare detailed designs of urban roads This activity requires you to prepare detailed design of urban roads To complete this activity, you are required to: • Complete the steps given in the ‘Checklist 2’ provided. • Document the outcomes using Template 4 – Template 6 While completing each step, you must place a tick mark against each step given in the checklist once completed. Checklist 2: Plan and prepare for the detailed design of urban roads Steps Occasion 1 Occasion 2 Step 1: Interpret the following data to the team members from the documentation accessed and analyse data in collaboration with them: • Areas • Volumes • Flow rates • Capacities • Densities • Mass • Percentages • Grades • Capacity requirements for urban roads • Sizes of component for urban roads • Cross-section • Horizontal alignment • Vertical alignment • Tie-In sections and blend areas • Passing/overtaking lanes • Intersections, Roundabouts and Interchanges • High Wide Loads • Bus Facilities • Pavement Structure and Surfacing Design • Road Safety Barriers • Drainage Design • Signing and Linemarking • Design safety • Road Design Standards Further, based on the above-given analysis of data, you are then required to prepare a report using Template 4 to the management that includes the following: • Three (3) viable options for the design of urban roads. • Provide a recommendation on the preferred option and provide a reason for the selection of the preferred option. Step 2: Complete the detailed design of the urban roads using computer-aided drafting design (CADD) and drafting technology. • Access computer-aided drafting design (CADD) technology such as AutoCAD to complete the design of urban roads. • Take into consideration the data analysed and recommendations provided in Step 1. • Submit the finalised design to your Supervisor. Step 3: Prepare a cost estimate for executing the designed urban roads using Template 5. Include the following information: • Fixed costs: This includes the cost of purchasing equipment, material and plants. • Time-related cost: This includes the cost of wages, equipment, and building rents spends on a particular activity in a given duration. • Quantity proportional cost: It includes the cost of the quantity of material. It is of two types such as: o Direct costs of construction of urban roads: The costs and expenses accrued on a facility, capacity or item are known as direct costs. The expenses caused by workers, material and equipment, etcetera are the direct costs in construction projects. o Indirect costs of construction of urban roads: These are not directly accounted for on a particular facility, product or function. These are either variable or fixed. • Construction cost of roads including the following: o environmental works o traffic management and temporary works o adjustments of public utility o traffic signage, signals and controls o retaining walls o drainage o tunnels o client-supplied materials and construction services o pavements o finishing works o bulk earthworks o supplementary items o bridges Step 4: Participate in the review of the design of the urban road with peers and stakeholders. • Cross-Section: Examine the relationship between typical road cross-section layouts for initial and final designs, paying special attention to the following: o Horizontal and vertical alignments. o Design levels. o The extent of earthworks and batters. • Horizontal Alignment: Discuss the design concerns using the following items as a guide: o alignment length o design speed, o chainage system, o curve radii range o realignment(s) concerning the existing road, o plan transitions, o alternative horizontal alignments, o tie-ins, o horizontal alignment to ultimate alignment, o variances to Main Roads lateral clearance requirements • Vertical Alignment: Discuss the design concerns using the following items as a guide: o VPI spacing o sight distance o Gradients, o super-elevation, super-elevation VC roundings, o super-elevation transition lengths, o clearances for grade separation, o cut and fill depths, o relationship of vertical profiles for each carriageway o alternative vertical alignments, o constraints, etc. • Tie-In Sections and Blend Areas: Discuss the design concerns for where the planned roadworks tie into existing road sections, such as blend zones, diverge/merge tapers, and the suitability of tie-in section sight distances. • Passing / Overtaking Lanes: If applicable, discuss the following design issues for overtaking lanes: o Length of overtaking lanes. o Warrant for overtaking lanes. o Location of overtaking lanes • Road Widening o If applicable, discuss the following design aspects for the road widening: o Warrant for the road widening. o Length of the road widening. o Location of the road widening o Profiling of the edge of the road widening o Method used for designing the road widening • Intersections, Roundabouts and Interchanges: Discuss the design concerns using the following items as a guide: o design speed, o traffic assessment, o horizontal and vertical alignments, o left and right turn lane treatments (free flow slip lane, 70 deg. standup), o sight distances, o deceleration lane lengths, o cyclist facilities, o acceleration lane lengths, o traffic islands, o pedestrian facilities, o paving, o dual-use-paths, o bridges, o underpasses, o ramps, o swept path design vehicle(s), o traffic signal control, o ability to turn lane correct, o alternative alignments, o clearances for grade separation, o constraints,