3. Assessment Tasks Thestructureof the project report should have at least7 paragraphs but no...

Question

3. Assessment Tasks

Thestructureof the project report should have at least7 paragraphs but no more than 2500 words (+/- 10%). Make sure you have more than one sentence for a paragraph and ideas within one paragraph should have the same theme.

Your title must have yourcase study number and heading. Please include your name and student number under the title.

Format:

First Section:
Introduction (compulsory). You must start this with your case study description.
The second paragraph could include a description of the burden of this type of disease.

Middle paragraphs:The following are just suggestions but make sure you are using section headings to help identify the aspects you have included in your report.

Biological characteristics of the organism, clinical characteristics of disease (this may include genetic predisposition), laboratory diagnosis of the disease, current treatment and control strategies including vaccination strategies, impact of the organism on society (this may include development of drug resistance). You may come up with alternative ideas for this middle section. The paragraph before the conclusion should be titledFuture strategies. In this paragraph you should choose to write about new approaches to diagnosis or prevention. You only need to include one strategy here. If you are studying Pharmacy or Pharm Sci it may be the development of new drugs. If you are studying Biomed it could be about designing a new vaccine. If you are studying Laboratory Medicine it could be about a new diagnostic test. No matter what strategy you decide to explore, it must have a rationale for why it was chosen.

Do not copy sentences from any source including the internet. Copying of sentences is considered plagiarism, even if you have attempted to just change some words in the sentence. You will besubmitting this assignment to Turnitinand you will not have an opportunity to review your similarity report. We do not go by similarity score, we look at each report to see instances where sentences are copied. All ideas not your own must be attributed to a source and this will be in the form of a citation in APA format e.g. (Author, year).

Final Paragraph: Conclusion (compulsory)The pitch for funding. Consider some statements about where government funding should be directed to help prevent, diagnose or treat future cases of this disease.

At least twoillustrations(these could be figures, tables or graphs) should be present in the report but illustrations must be relevant and referred to in the body of the report.Your labelling and note under the figure must be inAPA format
Links to an external site.
.The headings, figure and table legends, table contents are not part of the word count.

As a very rough guide I have created anexample reportthat you can accesshere.

All statements and facts should be supported by citations and each citation should be present in a reference list. The format of your referencing should beAPA
Links to an external site.
. See the example report link in the previous paragraph for whatAPA looks like
Links to an external site.
(use the tabs at this page to find examples).
Your citations and references are not part of the word count.

Check you are submition either a word document or a pdf. 10% will be deducted if other formats used and this could delay your assessment if we cannot open your file.

Repeating: Your report is submitted to Turnitin. Do not copy and paste sentences and then just change words. Any sections like this score zero for that section.

Please state your word count at the end of your report (10% deduction of maximum mark available if missing).

Case Study 10.3

Disease: Exposure toHIVthrough childbirth: Human Immunodeficiency virus

A missionary couple find a baby on their front door in South Africa. The baby is examined by the local emergency department and has a number of blood test taken. Unfortunately, the baby has antibodies toHIV. The couple decide they wish to adopt the baby but are uncertain about the prognosis for the baby. In your case report also include and explanation of why a positiveHIVantibody test in a newborn does not necessarily mean that the baby is infected withHIV. Also include, if the baby is found to be infected, a description of the anti-retroviral therapy that the child will require.

Report Draft /10

You prepare a written short draft of your case report. You should include all the headings that you intend to use in the final version of your report. Rather than have sentences following the headings, use dot points and you must include an image.You must view and follow the full instructions on Canvas to maximise your mark – go to Assignments – scroll down to Assignment 3: Draft Project report.You will receive feedback on your draft to help your writing of the final case study report.
Due two weeks after your Prac session 1.

Oral Presentation /5

You have 2 minutes to present an oral presentation on your case study. If the case is about an adult, imagine you are talking to the patient. If the case is a child, imagine you are talking to the parents. Include the causative organism, the rational for choice of antimicrobial therapy and the prognosis for the disease. You may like to show an illustration (e.g. photo, diagram, graph) that will help illustrate a point you wish to make about an aspect of this case study.You must view and follow the full instructions on Canvas to maximise your mark – go to Assignments – scroll down to Assignment 3: Oral Presentation.Presentation will take place during your Prac session 3.

Final Version of Case Study Report /25

You then write up a report (maximum 2500 words) on this case study. Your report must include an illustration that has a caption and a citation. Your report should have citations and a reference list (Use APA referencing style).You must view and follow the full instructions on Canvas to maximise your mark – go to Assignments – scroll down to Assignment 3: Final Project report.A link to a case study report can be found in this section. Due date depends on when you received your case study: either week 12, 13 or 14. See Syllabus section online.

marking-guide-for-report-re5glzpr.png hiv-iwitqsqr.docx

Dr Shweta · Accepted Answer

Title: Human Immunodeficiency virus and exposure to HIV through childbirth
Introduction:
HIV also known as Human immunodeficiency virus attacks primarily on body’s immune system and if not cured then it can causes the fatal disease acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]. This virus bouts the WBCs [white blood cells], known as CD4 cells, connect itself with these cells and replicate itself by transporting its genetic material inside the host cell. This in turn destroys the CD4 cell. Now, the newly formed viruses repeat this same cycle on another T cells. Hence, interferes with the body's ability to fight infections. A normal healthy adult has around 500 to 1600 CD4 cells/mm3 while HIV infected person has reduced CD4 count of 200 cells/mm3 [1]. Currently, there are 38.1 million HIV infected people worldwide and in 2020, there were 29,090 people got affected from HIV in Australia [2]. By the year 2020, nearly 1 million people die globally due to HIV and nearly 7000 patients died in Australia due to the deadly virus HIV [3]. Mostly the people of 13 to 24 years gets predominantly affected by HIV and this disease is around 1.62 times more widespread in females than males [4]. HIV has flu-type symptoms like fever, headache, myalgia etc owing to the increase in number of copies of HIV and prevalent infection in the body. HIV is transmitted via direct contact with bodily fluids like blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk. HIV can be communicated from mother to child either during pregnancy, birth of child, or via breast-feeding [5]. Treatments for HIV involve U.S. FDA (Food and Drug Administration agency)  approved antiretroviral therapy which slows down the progression of HIV by preventing the copying of virus from itself. Across the globe nearly 1.3 million HIV positive females are getting pregnant each year. Without proper intervention, there is high frequency of spread of HIV from mother to her child (15% to 45%), and to prevent this, the use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is recommended [6, 7]. 
Body of Report:
HIV or the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus with envelope around it and holds two copies of single-stranded ribonucleic acid [SS- RNA] as its genome. It is responsible for the fatal disease AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) which is the final stage of infection of HIV. It is primarily responsible for the deadly disease AIDS which makes many young children orphans due to the death of their mother and father due to AIDS. By the year 2020, there are around 61.5% cases of HIV is reported in adults, 74% infections is present in the adolescents, and 68% of the HIV infection is reported in the young people. In the year 2021, approximately 6, 50 000 persons died from this infection of HIV or due to HIV related causes. Nearly 1.5 million people acquired this HIV virus [8]. HIV patients initially have collective infections like infections of ear, sinuses, cold, infections of skin, urinary tract and intestinal illnesses etc.  Due to this virus, the main issues faced by the patients are pain in the mouth, sore throat, swelling in the lymph glands of neck, loss of weight, fever, myalgia, headaches etc. Among these specifically fatigue and muscle aches are the primary signs of infection of HIV [9]. HIV can be classified clinically into three main categories: the acute infection, chronic infection and ultimately the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which is the deadly and last stage of this infection. The symptoms of acute infection of HIV gets developing just a few days after a person comes in contact with this  virus and continues for almost 14 days. The patients have the symptoms similar to the influenza virus.  A symptom of the Chronic HIV infection develops in patients after 30 of exposure to the virus. At this stage the virus replicates in the patient’s body but at a slow rate and consequently shows no symptoms of HIV. However, in later stage patients experience illnesses such as tuberculosis, diarrhoea and respiratory illnesses. In HIV infected children, due to parenting capacity reduction, increased discrimination from society and family and psychosocial stress, issues of anxiety and depression are also reported [10]. HIV is categorized as the retrovirus that solitary contains the two copies of single-stranded RNA. HIV binds to the white blood cells CD4 (T -cells) with the help of chemokine co-receptor CCR5 present on the protein envelop of HIV. These binding occurred due to these to the cellular receptors of the host white blood cells. HIV virus has 345 amino acids which help in the fusion of the membranes of this virus and the host cell. The HIV has a profligate and speedy replication process and has the specific ccr5, ccr2b, ccr3, and cxcr4 co-receptors which helps in its binding and proliferation [11]. 
Figure 1: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
The biological elements responsible for the transmission of HIV are the circumcision, high load of virus in the blood, and via the sexually transmitted infections. Transmission of  the  HIV virus from mother to child occurred specifically during the embryonic stage  and during the breastfeeding [12]. For, laboratory diagnosis of HIV antigen test and nucleic acid test is performed. The antigen test of HIV detects this virus after 18 to 45 days when the person comes into contact with this virus. Another test, the Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) is more accurate and specific with a success rate of around 100%. In this, blood is drained out of the veins of patient’s and using this sample, if present any then the virus’s genetic material multiple was obtained, which was then copied or amplified to identify the genetic material in the collected specimen and confirmation of HIV in the patient[13]. On CD4 cells, HIV completed its life cycle in seven main stages-binding of virus on CD4 cells, fusion o virus with cell membrane to facilitate the entry of its  genetic material Ribonucleic acid into the CD4 cell, translation of RNA to DNA via the activity of reverse transcriptase enzyme by the phenomena of teminism or reverse transcription, amalgamation of viral DNA into host cell CD4 DNA, duplication of viral DNA and production of its capsid proteins, assembly of new viruses by packaging of RNA into capsids and finally the budding of newly formed viruses from CD4 cells after rupturing it. Now these newly formed viruses attacks another CD4 cells and affected the immunity of patient.

3. Assessment TasksThestructureof the project report should have at least7 paragraphs but no more than 2500 words (+/- 10%). Make sure you have more than one sentence for a paragraph and ideas within...