Lab - DC Circuits: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit- dc_en.html Step I: Simple Circuit (Single Battery) Create a simple circuit with one...

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Lab - DC Circuits: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit- dc_en.html Step I: Simple Circuit (Single Battery) Create a simple circuit with one battery (1.5V), one light bulb, a switch and two wires. - To adjust the voltage on the battery simply click on the battery itself and a slider should appear that lets you adjust the voltage - Use the meter to measure the voltage drop across the bulb (Place one end of the meter probe at one contact point and the other probe at the other contact point. Contact point is where the wire is touching the bulb. V = _____________ https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc_en.html https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/circuit-construction-kit-dc/latest/circuit-construction-kit-dc_en.html - Connect the meter so you can measure the current through the bulb. Disconnect one contact point from the bulb and connect the meter from the disconnected point to the bulb to measure the current. I = _____________ Step II: Simple Circuit (Two Batteries) - Add one more battery. Make sure to connect the positive end to the negative end of each cells. This is called a series connection for the batteries. - How does this affect the brightness of the bulb? - Connect the meters as in the previous step and record the voltage and the current. V = _____________ I = _____________ Step III: Series Circuit - A series circuit has only one path for current to flow - Create a series circuit connecting a single battery (1.5V) and two light bulbs. - Observe the brightness and record the voltage across each bulb and the current through the circuit. V1 = _____________ V2 = _____________ I1 = _____________ I2 = _____________ - Now add a third bulb and observe how the brightness of each bulb is affected. Describe your observation. _____________________________________________________________ Step IV: Parallel Circuit (Single Cell) Create a parallel circuit (two bulbs one battery) - What is the difference in the brightness of the bulbs between the series and parallel circuits? Why do you think this difference exists? Measure the voltage across each bulb and the current through each bulb and record your values. V1 = _____________ V2 = _____________ I1 = _____________ I2 = ______________ Lab – Electric Charge and Coulomb’s Law: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static- electricity_en.html Firstly, we will look at electric charges and how they behave! Take the balloon and move it across the left arm of the sweater, collecting the electrons from it, it should look like this: What do you observe when you bring the balloon close to the wall? What happens when you drag the balloon to the midway point between the wall and sweater and release it? Repeat this process a few times by resetting the balloon and this time collecting a few more electrons than you did originally. What changes as you collect more electrons with the balloon? Why do you think these changes are occurring? https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/balloons-and-static-electricity/latest/balloons-and-static-electricity_en.html https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/coulombs-law/latest/coulombs-law_en.html Coulomb’s Law is an experimental law of physics that lets us find out the force between two stationary, charged particles. The law states that the magnitude (size) of the electrostatic force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is proportional to the magnitude of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between the charges. This is expressed by the equation: Where F is the force (measured in Newtons), q1 and q2 are point charges (measured in micro Coulombs, 10-6, r is the distance between them (measured in cm, but please convert it to meters for any calculations), and K is a constant (known as Coulomb’s constant) that is equal to approximately 9*109 (and whose units are N*m2/C2). In this lab we want to look at how the magnate of the charges and the distance between them impacts the attractive or repulsive force between them. When you first open the simulation, it should look like this: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/coulombs-law/latest/coulombs-law_en.html Complete the table below using the simulation while making sure that you change the values of q1, q2, and r in each trial. Make sure to include at least one trial that includes different combinations of the charges (meaning negative and positive charges). Don’t forget to include the negative sign in the table if the charge has a negative magnitude. Record the value for the force on q1 and q2, respectively and then find the Net force on the system by finding the sum of those forces (remember that forces are a vector quantity and should be treated as such). q1 q2 r r2 Force on q1 Force on q2 Net Force of the system Calculated k value Conclusion: 1. Using one of the trials from the table above please calculate F using the formula on page one. Show your work. 2. If you have two point charges with the same magnitude and the distance between them is halved, what happens to the force between them? Will the force be attractive or repulsive? (You can use the simulation to investigate) 3. If you have two point charges with the same magnitude and the distance between them is doubled, what happens to the force between them? 4. Does your calculated value of k change?