Compare and contrast the southern colonies (Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas) and the New England colonies (Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island) with the goal of explaining how these regions were different from each other.
Compare and contrast the following topics:
motivations for settlement,
how this motivation shaped the following developments in each region
economic development including labor systems,
the type of government they had and how it operated
where and how people lived, including the values they held
Conclude with a one paragraph discussion of how these differences impacted the creation of the Constitution and state governments.
Document list unit 1, 101 F2020 (final version) Unit 1 Documents Note: Text in shading is not part of the document, but rather explanatory text about the document and should not be quoted on discussion board posts and exams. Document A
Richard Hakluyt, "A Discourse Concerning Western Planting." (1584) Richart Hakluyt was an advisor to Queen Elizabeth and a promoter of colonization. He worried that England was behind in the race for lands in the ‘new world’, and this document was his effort to convince Elizabeth to support economically based colonies in North America. While this essay did convince Elizabeth of the value of colonies, she refused to invest large sums of money in colonization, leaving the raising of funds to private companies, called joint-stock companies, to invest in colonization. Throughout the document, note that Hakluyt is referring to North America The soil yieldth and may be made to yield all the several commodities of Europe, and of all kingdomes, dominions, and territories that England tradeth with that by trade of merchandise cometh into this realm. The passage thither and home is neither to long nor to short but easy and to be made twice in the year. . . . This enterprise may stay the Spanish King from flowing over all the face of that waste firm of America, if we seat and plant there in time, in time I say, and we by planting shall [prevent] him from making more short and more safe returns out of the noble ports of the purposed places of our planting . . . And England possessing the purposed place of planting, her Majesty may, by the benefit of the seat having won good and royall havens, have plenty of excellent trees for masts of goodly timber to build ships and to make great navys, of pitch, tar, hemp, and all things incident for a navy royall, and that for no price, and without money or request. No foreign commodity that comes into England comes without payment of custom once, twice, or thrice, before it come into the realm, and so all foreign commodities become dearer to the subjects of this realm; and by this course. . . foreign princes’ customs are avoided; and the foreign commodities cheaply purchased, they become cheap to the subjects of England, to the common benefit of the people, and to the saving of great treasure in the realm; whereas now the realm become the poor by the purchasing of foreign commodities in so great a mass at so excessive prices. Many men of excellent wits and of divers singular gifts, overthrown by . . . by some folly of youth, that are not able to live in England, may there be raised again, and do their country good service; and many needful uses there may (to great purpose) require the saving of great numbers, that for trifles may otherwise be devoured by the gallows. The frye [children] of the wandering beggars of England, that grow up idly, and hurteful and burdenous to this realm, may there be unladen, better bred up, and may people waste countries to the home and foreign benefit, and to their own more happy state. Document B This speech was delivered by John Winthrop during the period of the Puritan migration to New England. It was delivered to people traveling with Winthrop to Massachusetts. Source: John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity (written on board the Arabella on the Atlantic Ocean, 1630) (Acessed on 8.17.20 at https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/a-model-of-christian-charity-2/) God Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, [that] in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity, other mean and in subjection. . .. [Yet] We must be knit together in this work as one man. We must entertain each other in brotherly affection, we must be willing to abridge ourselves of our superfluities, for the supply of others' necessities. We must uphold a familiar commerce together in all meekness, gentleness, patience, and liberality. We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body. So shall we keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace . . . We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us, so that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God, . . . shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us. https://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/document/a-model-of-christian-charity-2/ Document C This document is a partial list of passengers traveling from England to New England in 1635. Source: Excerpts from Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for New England from Passengers to America edited by Michael Tepper (https://www.amazon.com/Passengers-America-Consolidation-Passenger-Lists/dp/ 0806307676) John Porter, Deputy Clerk to Edward Thoroughgood Weymouth, the 20th of March, 1635 https://www.amazon.com/Passengers-America-Consolidation-Passenger-Lists/dp/0806307676 https://www.amazon.com/Passengers-America-Consolidation-Passenger-Lists/dp/0806307676 Document D This document is a partial list of passengers traveling from England to Virginia in 1635. From the New England Historical and Geneological Register and Antiquarian Journal. xv (1861). 142. Document E This document is an except from the agreement signed by the original settlers of Springfield, Massachusetts in 1636. The entire document can be found at https://college.cengage.com/history/ayers_primary_sources/ plan_mass_town.htm. Excerpts from Articles of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636 Source: Articles of Agreement, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1636 (accessed on 8.12.20 at https:// college.cengage.com/history/ayers_primary_sources/plan_mass_town.htm) We whose names are underwritten, being by God's providence engaged together to make a plantation . . . do mutually agree to certain articles and orders to be observed and kept by us and by our successors. . . . 1. We intend by God's grace, as soon as we can, with all convenient speed, to procure some Godly and faithful minister with whom we purpose to join in church covenant to walk in all the ways of Christ. 2. We intend that our town shall be composed of forty families, . . . rich and poor. 3. That every inhabitant shall have a convenient proportion for a house lot, as we shall see [fit] for everyone's quality and estate. . . . 5. That everyone shall have a share of the meadow or planting ground. . . . https://college.cengage.com/history/ayers_primary_sources/plan_mass_town.htm https://college.cengage.com/history/ayers_primary_sources/plan_mass_town.htm Document F This document is an except from 1676 Connecticut regulation that established wage and price controls in that colony. Wage and price controls are where the prices of goods and the compensation for labor are set by law rather than free market forces. Wage and Price Regulations in Connecticut, 1676 From Connecticut Colonial Records., V, pp. iv-v. Whereas a great cry of oppression is heard among us, and that principally pointed at workmen and traders, which is hard to regulate without a standard for pay, it is therefore ordered that, . . . [prices and wages] be duly set at each of our General Courts annually, . . . [A]ll breaches of this order to be punished proportionable to the value of the oppression. . . . This court . . . in the interim recommends [that] all tradesmen and laborers consider the religious end of their callings, which is that receiving such moderate profit as may enable them to serve God and their neighbors with their arts and trades comfortably, they do not enrich themselves suddenly and inordinately (by oppressing prices and wages to the impoverishing [of] their neighbors . . . live in the practice of that crying sin of oppression, but avoid it. Document G “The Body of Liberties, a document originally published in 1641, is the first legal code established by European colonists in New England and was composed of a list of liberties, rather than restrictions, and intended for use as guidance for the General Court of the time. This document is considered by many as the precursor to the General Laws of Massachusetts and the Massachusetts Constitution . . . [It served as a] model for statutory law in Massachusetts and other New England colonies.” (from mass.gov, accessed on 8.18.20 at https://www.mass.gov/service-details/massachusetts-body-of-liberties) Massachusetts Body of Liberties (excerpt of capital crimes) (Accessed on 8.17.20 at https://history.hanover.edu/texts/masslib.html) 94. Capitall Laws. 1. (Deut. 13. 6, 10. Deut. 17. 2, 6. Ex. 22.20) If any man after legall conviction shall have or worship any other god, but the lord god, he shall be put to death. 2. (Ex. 22. 18. Lev. 20. 27. Dut. 18. 10.) If any man or woeman be a witch, (that is hath or consulteth with a familiar spirit,) They shall be put to death. 3. (Lev. 24. 15,16.) If any person shall Blaspheme the name of god, the father, Sonne or Holie Ghost, with direct, expresse, presumptuous or high handed blasphemie, or shall curse god in the like manner, he shall be put to death. 4. (Ex. 21. 12. Numb. 35. 13, 14, 30, 31.) If any person committ any wilfull murther, which is manslaughter, committed upon premeditated malice, hatred, or Crueltie, not in a mans necessarie and just defence, nor by meere casualtie against his will, he shall be put to death. 5.