fifteen-page, double-spaced book report in the American Sociological Association (ASA) style with 12-point fonts, 1-inch margins, topical headings, in-text citations, and references.Book report:...

CRIMINOLOGY & ARGUMENTATIVE DISORDER
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Criminology    4
Argumentative Discourse    5
Forman’s Idea    6
Structural Inequalities    6
Social Disorganization Theory    7
Institutional Discrimination    7
Moore’s Idea    8
Individual Agency    8
Rational Choice Theory    8
Crime as a Choice    8
Comparison of Moore & Forman’s Idea    9
Structural vs. Individual Factors    10
Social Determinism vs. Personal Responsibility    10
Policy Implications    10
Arguments For & Against Forman’s Idea    12
For    12
Against    13
Arguments For & Against Moore’s Idea    14
For    14
Against    15
Learnings    16
Conclusion    18
References    20
Introduction
Criminology, as a field of study, delves deep into the intricate web of factors contributing to crime, criminal behavior, and the functioning of the criminal justice system. It is an interdisciplinary science drawing from sociology, psychology, anthropology, and law to dissect the complexities of human actions within the framework of societal norms and legal boundaries. Central to criminology is the exploration of why individuals engage in criminal activities, how patterns of criminal behavior emerge, and what measures can be taken to prevent and mitigate crime's impact on communities.
Argumentative discourse serves as a cornerstone in the advancement of criminological theories and practices. Within academic circles and policymaking arenas, scholars and practitioners engage in rigorous debates, presenting and defending their perspectives with evidence and logical reasoning. This discourse not only fosters critical thinking but also facilitates the refinement and evolution of criminological knowledge.
Two prominent scholars, Forman and Moore, offer contrasting viewpoints on the fundamental drivers of criminal behavior. Forman underscores the significance of societal structures and inequalities, positing that factors such as poverty, limited access to education and employment opportunities, and systemic racism contribute to individuals' susceptibility to crime. In contrast, Moore emphasizes the role of individual agency and personal responsibility, contending that while external circumstances may influence behavior, individuals ultimately possess the autonomy to make choices and should be held accountable for their actions.
In this essay, we will compare and contrast the main ideas presented by Forman and Moore, evaluate their arguments for and against, and distill key insights to formulate a nuanced understanding of criminology's complexities. Through this exploration, we aim to elucidate the interplay between structural factors and individual agency in shaping criminal behavior, providing valuable insights for the development of effective crime prevention strategies and policy interventions.
Criminology
Criminology is a multifaceted discipline that employs scientific methodologies to explore the phenomenon of crime, criminal behavior, and the structures that administer justice in response to criminal acts. It draws upon a diverse array of fields including sociology, psychology, anthropology, and law to comprehensively examine the intricacies of crime and its impact on society. By integrating insights from these disciplines, criminology seeks to unravel the underlying causes of crime, discern patterns of criminal behavior, and assess the efficacy of interventions aimed at prevention and control (Boyd, 2020).
At its core, criminology is concerned with understanding why individuals engage in illegal activities and the societal, psychological, and environmental factors that contribute to such behavior. Sociological perspectives within criminology analyze how social structures, institutions, and inequalities influence criminal conduct. This includes examining how economic deprivation, educational disparities, and racial discrimination can shape individuals' likelihood of engaging in criminal acts.
Psychological approaches delve into the cognitive and emotional processes underlying criminal behavior, exploring factors such as personality traits, developmental influences, and psychological disorders that may predispose individuals to criminality. Anthropological perspectives contribute by studying the cultural norms, values, and rituals that shape attitudes towards crime and justice within different communities.
Moreover, criminology scrutinizes the functioning of the criminal justice system, assessing its effectiveness in deterring crime, apprehending offenders, and administering punishments. This involves examining the policies, procedures, and practices within law enforcement, courts, and corrections agencies, as well as evaluating their impact on crime rates, recidivism, and social equity.
Research in criminology encompasses a broad spectrum of methodologies, ranging from quantitative analyses of crime statistics and experimental studies to qualitative investigations of individual experiences and case studies. By employing rigorous empirical methods, criminologists aim to generate reliable knowledge that informs evidence-based policies and interventions (Burke, 2020).
Overall, criminology serves as a critical tool for understanding, analyzing, and addressing the complex social issue of crime. Through its interdisciplinary approach and scientific rigor, criminology seeks to contribute to the development of more effective strategies for crime prevention, rehabilitation, and the promotion of justice in society.
Argumentative Discourse
Argumentative discourse is a form of communication where individuals engage in the exchange of ideas, opinions, and perspectives on a particular topic or issue. Unlike mere conversation or discussion, argumentative discourse entails a more structured and deliberate exchange aimed at persuading others of one's viewpoint. It is characterized by the presentation and defense of arguments supported by evidence, reasoning, and logical analysis.
At the heart of argumentative discourse lies the process of critical thinking, wherein participants critically evaluate information, analyze arguments, and assess the validity of evidence. This involves questioning assumptions, identifying biases, and scrutinizing the logical coherence of arguments presented by oneself and others. Critical thinking is essential for constructing robust arguments and identifying weaknesses in opposing viewpoints.
Logical reasoning is another key component of argumentative discourse, as participants are expected to construct arguments based on sound logical principles. This includes the use of deductive and inductive reasoning to draw conclusions from premises, as well as avoiding fallacies that undermine the validity of arguments. Logical reasoning helps to ensure that arguments are structured coherently and are grounded in rationality.
Evidence plays a crucial role in supporting arguments within argumentative discourse. Participants are expected to provide relevant evidence, data, examples, and expert testimony to bolster their claims and substantiate their arguments. The quality and relevance of evidence are essential considerations, and participants must critically evaluate sources to ensure their reliability and credibility.
Persuasive techniques are employed to effectively communicate arguments and sway the opinions of others within argumentative discourse. These techniques may include appeals to emotion, appeals to authority, rhetorical devices, and the use of vivid language to engage and persuade audiences. While persuasive techniques can enhance the effectiveness of arguments, they must be used ethically and transparently, without resorting to manipulation or deception.
Overall, argumentative discourse serves as a platform for intellectual exchange, debate, and deliberation, allowing individuals to engage in reasoned dialogue and challenge each other's perspectives. By encouraging critical thinking, logical reasoning, and the use of evidence, argumentative discourse facilitates the exploration of complex issues, the resolution of disagreements, and the advancement of knowledge and understanding.
Forman’s Idea
Forman's main idea revolves around the notion that societal structures and systemic inequalities significantly impact criminal behavior. 
Structural Inequalities
Forman underscores the influence of structural inequalities, such as poverty, limited access to education and employment opportunities, and systemic racism, on individuals' involvement in criminal activities. Poverty, for example, can push individuals towards criminal behavior as a means of economic survival when legitimate avenues for financial stability are limited. Similarly, systemic racism can perpetuate cycles of disadvantage, leading to feelings of alienation and marginalization that may increase the likelihood of engaging in criminal acts.
Social Disorganization Theory
Forman's perspective aligns with social disorganization theory, a sociological framework that suggests crime is more prevalent in neighborhoods characterized by social instability, weak community ties, and economic deprivation. In such environments, the breakdown of social control mechanisms, such as informal social networks and community cohesion, can create fertile ground for criminal activity to flourish. Structural inequalities exacerbate social disorganization by creating conditions where individuals lack access to resources and support systems necessary for maintaining community stability and preventing crime.
Institutional Discrimination
Forman highlights the role of institutional discrimination in perpetuating structural inequalities and contributing to criminal behavior. Marginalized communities often face systemic barriers in accessing resources, opportunities, and legal protections...