Answer To: Metabolic Biochemistry GST and the Effects of Curcumin Practical: Criterion-Referenced Marking...
Mayank answered on May 17 2020
Effect of Curcumin on GST specific enzyme using liver and kidney tissue sample solution
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the role of curcumin as anticancer agent. Its activity was tested against GST specific activity using liver and kidney tissues.
The solutions of cytosol and mitochondria was taken from liver and kidney tissues as the test solution for curcumin. Standard spectroscopic methods were used for evaluation of the GST specific activity in four groups. Statistical analysis was performed using means with standard deviation (mean ± SD) values. For multiple group comparison, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t-test was used followed by post-hoc analysis using Dunnett’s test was used and significant values were set at the level of p≤0.05.
The results showed that curcumin has significant effect on cytosol as compared with mitochondria in both the tissues. The GST specific activity in terms of U/mg of protein and in liver cytosol group was significantly reduced by 79.24%, while kidney cytosol showed 80.80%, and in kidney mitochondria the activity was slightly reduced by 21.12% in presence of curcumin as compared without curcumin solutions.
This data suggested that curcumin has significant anti-cancer activity along with antioxidant activity using specific enzyme inhibition mechanisms.
Introduction
In developing and developed countries, cancer mortality cases have been risen throughout the World and is considered as one of the most leading cause of death in some of the Western countries. This alarming clinical data has continuously increasing the research activities in order to search some complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) approach against cancer and would work as cancer chemo preventive agents, mostly some substance which are mostly included the diet. Turmeric, the dried rhizome was one of the best example to work as chemo protective agent. Curcumin is one of the molecule in the World, which have ‘n’ number of biological activities and research has been continued to identify the mechanism behind the same. Turmeric (diferuloylmethane), a major yellow product obtained from the rhizome of Curcuma longa Linn (Salem, Rohani and Gillies, 2014). Plant is found to have significant protein kinase C inhibition activity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Besides, it has been widely used as a coloring agent in foods, drugs and cosmetics. Approximately, turmeric was used as 4 g/adult/day in various countries, which is one of the reason of low rate of colorectal cancer. It contain variety of curcuminoids and essential oils, which have highest biological activity. It has been reported to inhibit tumor formation in duodenum, skin, forestomach, and mice colon, rat sebaceous glands, tongue, colon, and in mammary glands (Gupta et al., 2012). It worked through various mechanism such as kinases inhibition, activity of transcription factors inhibition like nuclear factor-κB and activator protein-1, and destruction of expression of the enzyme (PERRONE et al., 2015).
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) also called as ligandins, they ate the group of phase II metabolic isozymes include in eukaryotic and prokaryotic. GST are best reported to have their activity as detoxification, by catalyzing the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) into xenobiotic substrates. Cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal are the basic three subfamilies of GST, and they all are extremely diverse in most of the amino acid sequence. It significantly detoxifies most of the endogenous compounds like peroxidised lipids, drugs, pesticides, carcinogens, herbicides, and variably-derived epoxides and enables the breakdown of xenobiotics, which defines to role in cancer. Cytosolic GSTP1-1, one of the GST family member isozyme has significant role in in cancer development and chemotherapeutic resistance. GSTP...