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Understanding People and Behaviour (11399) Case Study Assessment Please read the following real world case studies and select ONLY three (3) to work on: 1) Christina and Coen (stress, burnout, and managing life’s challenges) 2) Internet & Phone services promotion job (psychological testing) 3) Melbourne to Canberra train consortium (psychology of functional teams) 4) George (can we change behaviour) For each of the three case studies you choose complete the following two tasks: Task 1) Identify the four (4) most relevant psychological theories, ideas or concepts to best explain what is occurring in this case study. Theories, concepts, and ideas must be selected from the list below. Ensure that you explain why these theories/concepts are relevant using evidence from the case study to justify your responses. Length: a total 200 words for all 4 theories, ideas and concepts (+/- 10%) Task 2) Briefly outline a solution to two to four issues (2-4, depending on depth of solution) described in the case study or a suggestion of what might resolve or reduce the problems. Solutions should be based on the knowledge you have gained from the lectures, tutorials and Ebook 200 words (+/- 10 %) Below is a list of concepts that should be used to answer task 1. Note that each element of the list can only be selected once for the whole assessment. For example, primary appraisal and secondary appraisal both fall under appraisals, as such, they count as a single concept, not two. Similarly, if appraisal is used in case 1, it cannot be also used in case 2. Appraisals Biopsychosocial model Cattell's crystallised and fluid intelligence. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Cognitive dissonance leading to distortions Cognitive impact of stress Common knowledge effect. Confirmation bias/knowledge illusion Coping (Problem/emotion-focussed) Cross-cultural validity Deviation IQ Distress/Eustress Emotional intelligence Eugenics/Social Darwinism Face validity Flow Flynn effect Gardner's multiple intelligences. General Adaptation Syndrome Group cohesion Group norms Group polarisation Groupthink (provide a few symptoms) Health belief/Protection Motivation Theory of Health Helplessness Individual barriers to change Intergroup norms Interindividual-intergroup discontinuity Job burnout Job strain Motivation Interviewing Optimism Positive Affect Predictive validity Prisoner dilemma Problem drinker/dependence Psychological Assessment Realistic Conflict theory/Common Ingroup Identity Model Reappraisal (of the positivity of stress) Relaxation Response Self-presentation/impression management Social facilitation Social identity theory Social loafing/compensation Social Support Social support Stages of change (from transtheoretical model) Standardisation Stereotype threat Stressor types (all types fall under a single concept, mentioning two types is sufficient) Structural elements Test-retest reliability Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behaviours Thurstone's primary mental abilities Type A/B personality Case Study 1: Christina and Coen (Answer using material from the module: Stress, Burnout, and Managing Life’s Challenges) Christina is university educated and works as a contract manager in the public service. It is a busy job and one that she finds rewarding despite the high demands sometimes put on her. People are often surprised by her attitude and how she manages to keep enjoying her job. When asked how she does it, Christina’s answer is always the same: “I simply enjoy the little things in life, I am satisfied with my life, and I enjoy overcoming the challenges of work”. Christina finds she performs best in her job when she can get up and leave the house before 7am because she and her partner live on a small property outside of Canberra and it takes her 90 minutes to drive into work each morning. Then she buys a breakfast roll at her favourite cafe in the city and works from 9-5.30 every Monday to Friday. Christina’s partner is named Coen, he is a nurse at the emergency and as such has hectic shifts with demands driven by the various cases of the patients who are admitted. In addition, the hours he works vary depending on what shift he is on. As a nurse unit manager, Coen not only has healthcare duties, but he also has to constantly revise the budget and staffing roster for his unit due to unforeseen circumstances such as fellow employees being sick or taking leave. These demands often leave him tired. When not at work, he busies himself with many little odd jobs around their property. At the start of January 2020, smoke from bushfires in NSW blow through and settle in the Canberra region. Christina first notices it one morning when she wakes up and finds the sky darkened by smoke. The first thought that comes to her mind is that the nearby fields are ablaze. However, a quick look at the news calms her racing heart and tells her that the fire a quite far and that their property is not in immediate danger. Despite this, both Christina and Coen worry about the risk of fire affecting their property, a feeling that does not abate for weeks as the fires continue to burn through the nearby park. After three weeks of uncertainty, Christina becomes more and more tired and develops a continuous cold. Consequently, she stops going out to the nearby bar where he would normally meet her friends to relax and talk about their problems over a drink. One extremely hot day Coen calls Christina at work and says that a bushfire burning in a NSW national park has begun to spread towards their property. By 7pm the news is covering the fire and the bushfire website says that it is out of control but is not yet catastrophic and advises people in certain areas around Canberra to be alert and check the updates. This area includes where Christina and Coen live but no evacuation order is given. Christina and Coen think about what they should do, and things they have previously heard about getting ready for bushfires. However, they find it all overwhelming, the spreading fire poses the frightening possibility that they could lose their property or that others in their community will be negatively impacted. But their closest neighbour is away on holidays, they do not have large reserves of water or equipment to draw on and they are tired from a long day at work. They feel they cannot start figuring out what they want to do, it is too much for them to consider. They agree that they will go through what is involved with these things in the morning and then the couple goes to bed. The following day they wake up and discover that the situation in their area has escalated to yellow. This means that they have a choice to stay or leave. A knock at the door advises them that, based on how poorly prepared their property is, they should leave. They put out some extra chicken feed and extra hay for their goats and head to the evacuation centre with their two dogs and just a few possessions. At the evacuation centre they hear about houses and farms being lost to the fire. Christina fears the worst. Neither of them knows how they will cope with the situation should anything happen to their property. Overwhelmed by the situation, they decide to distract themselves by participating in some of the activities organised by the volunteers at the centre, such as playing bingo and various boardgames. After many hours, they are given the all-clear to return to their property. This was the most intense experience of their lives and Christina is unable to see how they will be able to cope if they lose their house. She sees this as the biggest stress they will ever endure and keeps thinking about the desperate drive to the evacuation centre. They finally get home late at night and find that the fire mostly went around their property and their chickens and goats are all fine. They lost their vegetable patch and a shed (which stored an old 1960s car that Coen was going to restore). The house is structurally sound but has suffered some heat damage to the weatherboards and paint, and some windows have melted. Despite the good news they are tired and emotional, and just want to get away from it all. They sit down on the lounge with a box of chocolate ice cream and listen to a list of their favourite relaxing songs. Case Study 2: Internet & phone services promotion job (Answer using material from the module: Psychological Testing) An emerging telecommunication company is now hiring for a new senior position that will oversee marketing campaigns that promote their new internet and phone services. They want their campaigns to be engaging and persuasive in order to attract a new segment of the market. This is an important yet challenging role within the department and will require a high level of creativity. Since many people have applied to the position, the department hires a recruitment firm to advise them on how to choose the right person from their shortlist of 45 eligible applicants. Dr. Blair, an industrial psychologist who works at the recruitment firm, is selected for this task given her previous experience hiring for senior management. After careful research and consideration, she selects a series of well-respected and widely applied psychological tests that, taken together, have been shown to distinguish between poor, mediocre and good candidates for creative managerial positions. The tests measure: abstract reasoning, verbal intelligence, creative thinking and emotional intelligence. Dr. Blair also pinpoints important information that the HR team needs to look for during the interview. The Department’s HR team is responsible for conducting the battery of tests specified by Dr. Blair. In addition, the HR team decides to modify the interview questions by removing some of the ones suggested by Dr. Blair and adding some of their own. The questions they decide to add focus on pieces of art created by the applicants. All applicants are scheduled do the psychological testing in the morning and the interview in the afternoon (see schedule below). Given the large number of applicants that need to take the tests at the same time, the HR team decides to split the applicants into two rooms, each with a different tester. Group X is in room 201 and has an experienced tester supervising their tests, while group Y is in room 205 and are tested by a newly hired tester. Unfortunately, due to lack of experience, he forgets the instruction sheet and improvises his explanations based on what he can remember. During testing, many applicants seem concerned about the verbal intelligence test and dubious about its utility given how the job application emphasizes the need to be creative. One man in Group Y is particularly anxious during the verbal intelligence test, especially after he overhears the tester saying that women tend to outperform men in this type of test. He worries that his results might only prove the tester right. Group X Group Y 9.30 – 12.30 Psychological testing (room 201) Psychological testing (room 205) 12.30-1.30 Lunch Lunch 1.30-3.30 Interviews Interviews The next day, the selection committee meets to discuss the candidate that should be offered the position. As the committee waits for Dr. Blair to arrive, the lead begins