Problem 1 Inadequate UA capabilities for routine and safe operations in the NAS Problem 2 Inadequate NAS conditions to support the demand for UA operations Problem 3 Resistance to growth of UA...

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Problem 1 Inadequate UA capabilities for routine and safe operations in the NAS


Problem 2
Inadequate NAS conditions to support the demand for UA operations


Problem 3
Resistance to growth of UA Operations

Answered Same DayNov 10, 2019

Answer To: Problem 1 Inadequate UA capabilities for routine and safe operations in the NAS Problem 2 Inadequate...

David answered on Nov 30 2019
132 Votes
Running head: SYSTEMATIC DECISION MAKING
1
SYSTEMATIC DECISION MAKING
28
Aviation Issues: Reducing the Radio Frequency Interference in Aircrafts
Name
Institution
Table of Contents
1. Mess Articulation
3
2. Scope
4
3. Decomposition
4
4. Mess and Problems
4
5. Who?
i. Problem 1
6
ii. Stakeholders wants
6
iii. Classification
7
iv. Attitude
7
v. Stakeholders management Plan
7
6. Problem 2
(9-12)
7. Problem 3
(13-15)
8. What?
i. Problem 1
15
ii. Objective Narrative
15
iii. Fundamental Objective Hierarchy
15
iv. Means Ends Hierarchy
16
v. FCM with Means Ends Hierarchy
17
9. Why?
i. Problem 1
17
ii. FCM Analysis
17
iii. FCM and Stakeholders Objective Relationship
18
10. Where?
19
i. Boundary Articulation
19
ii. Source of Power
20
iii. Source of Knowledge
20
iv. Source of legitimacy
21
v. Boundary Narrative
21
11. Context Articulation
22
i. Circumstances
22
ii. Factors
22
iii. Conditions
22
iv. Values
22
v. Pattern
23
12. Context Narrative
25
i. Force Field Diagram
25
ii. Proposed-Ought to be changes
25
13. How
?
26
i. Cynefin Domain
26
ii. Mechanism
26
14. When?
27
i. Intervention Framework
27
ii. Intervention Strategy
27
iii. Narrative
27
15. FCM Time Scale Assessment
28
16. Observation and Action Analysis
30
17. References
31
Mess Articulation
Situation
Safety in the aviation industry has been facing challenges in various aspects. There are various parts of the aircraft that play a significant role in aircraft safety. Electronic devices carried aboard by the passengers pose dangerous conditions to aircraft safety. Electromagnetic interference sometimes causes aircraft crash and huge level accidents. Aircraft’s instrument landing system detects improper glide path signal due to electromagnetic interference from onboard electronic devices like laptops and mobiles carried by passengers (Rodrigue 2011).
Radio frequency Interference has been an unnoticed factor since last many decades. It has been an unrecognized factor among the various causes of crash. RF Interference of electronic devices of customers occurs every time with aircraft system. According to Aviation Safety Reporting Systems (ASRS) about 15 to 25 incidents of RF Interference per year are reported to occur between1995 – 2001. And with many more passengers using electronic devices now, such incidents may increase in future.
RF interference is a complex problem, rarely detected by the pilots and maintenance personnel. In advanced aircrafts like “Fly by wire”, there are many more electronic points in their circuit which can be easily interfered by Radio Frequency waves. Aircraft designer and manufacturing Companies, maintenance personal, know this threat that’s why they work consistently to minimize these problems. But as the work forces are slimming down, responsibilities are increasing, and older-experienced professionals who had expert knowledge in detecting electromagnetic compatibility, are getting retired, there is growing potential for problems (Krauss 2003).
Scope
The goal of the study is to develop a systematic understanding of the problems associated with Radio Frequency Interference in commercial aircrafts. The study focuses mainly on technical aspects involved in design of electromagnetic devices, electromagnetic environment, RF emission standards and possible measures to overcome this problem in aircrafts.
Decomposition
The electronic complexity of aircrafts includes many components like aircrafts systems marker beacons, collision avoidance system, traffic detectors, distance measuring gadget, GPS system, Microwave landing systems and many more equipments required for the smooth functioning of flight. These devices work at different levels of Radio frequency waves (Strauss and Morgan 2003).
In addition, many consumer devices like laptop, mobiles, palmtop, game systems also operate at the similar range of frequency waves. Aircraft cabins can act as resonating areas which echo or prolong the frequency waves by synchronous vibrations. These problems are examined in detail in following sections:
Mess: Unfavorable Impact of RF Interference in Aircrafts
· Problem 1: Inefficient Aircraft equipment design and maintenance
· Problem 2: Analysis of electromagnetic environment on aircraft
· Problem 3: Poor management of RF emissions from Consumer devices.
Who?
4 stakeholder groups are identified as relevant to mess and its constituent problems:
1. Aircraft Manufacturers: The companies involved in designing and manufacturing of electronic component of aircrafts.
2. Aircraft Owner Companies: the individuals and companies which own the airlines.
3. Aircraft service customers: the individuals and companies which buy or benefit from the services of airlines.
4. National Aerospace System, it includes:
(a) Airport operators: involved in passenger cargo and flight operations.
(b) Airport tenants: involved in airport activities like aircraft fuelling, maintenance and catering.
(c) Air Traffic Control personals: responsible for flight communications, navigation and surveillance,
(d) Flight operators: responsible for planning and operating flights,
(e) Aerospace manufacturers: responsible for manufacturing equipments and devices for airports and ATC,
(f) Regulatory Authorities: regulate the conduct and performance of aviation industry; it includes Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), NAS, National Transporter’s Safety Board (NTSB) and DOT.
(g) Researchers and Academicians: conduct Aerospace related research and development in academic and govt. organizations.
(h) Security Services providers: provide physical and operational security to aviation industry.
(i) Weather linked services providers: provide updated information about weather forecasting.
5. Market
6. Media like Television, Internet, Newspaper,
Problem 1: Inefficient Aircraft equipment design and maintenance
Stakeholders Wants
    Stakeholders
    Wants
    Aircraft Manufacturers
    Maximum returns on investments
    Aircraft Owners Companies
    Increased demand, performance, reliability and safety
    Customers
    Minimize the travel costs
    Market
    Maintained and improved the quality of services
    NAS Community
    Minimum social and environmental impact on the aircraft services
    Media
    Maximize the stories that sell.
    Device Manufacturers and Sellers
    Make the devices resistant to RF Interference
Stakeholders Classification
    Stakeholders
    Classification
    
    Power
    Legitimacy
    Urgency
    Prominence
    Classification
    Sub-
classification
    Aircraft Manufacturers
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
    Owner Companies
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
    Customers
    0
    1
    0
    0.3
    Latent
    Discretionary
    Market
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
    NAS Community
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
    Media
    0
    1
    0
    0.3
    Latent
    Discretionary
    Device Community
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
Stakeholders’ Attitudes
    Stakeholders
    Threat
    Cooperation
    Support
    Attitude
    Aircraft Manufacturers
    0
    1
    1
    Supportive
    Owner Companies
    0
    1
    1
    Supportive
    Customers
    0
    0
    0
    Marginal
    Market
    1
    1
    0
    Mixed
    NAS Community
    1
    1
    -1
    Non-Supportive
    Media
    0
    0
    0
    Marginal
    Device Community
    1
    1
    1
    Supportive
FCM for Stakeholders’ Objectives
Stakeholder Management Plan
Stakeholder Management Plan integrates all the previous tables Stakeholder Wants, Classifications and Attitude with following table of Stakeholder engagement.
    
    Engagement
    CFM
    
    
    
    
    
    Stakeholders
    Strategy
    Centrality
    Out degree
    In degree
    Activity Rank
    Popularity
    Priority
    Manufacturer
    Involve
    3.75
    2.75
    1
    1
    5
    1
    Owner
    Involve
    1.75
    1
    0.75
    3
    7
    3
    Customer
    Monitor
    1.25
    0.25
    1
    7
    5
    7
    Market
    Involve
    2
    0.75
    1.25
    5
    2
    5
    NAS
    Involve
    2.5
    1
    1.5
    3
    1
    4
    Media
    Monitor
    2.75
    1.5
    1.25
    2
    2
    2
    Device Community
    Involve
    2
    0.75
    1.25
    5
    2
    6
Stakeholder Management
1. We must engage with the manufacturers of Aircrafts because they are central to resolving the problem of interest and are supportive.
2. Media is highly influential but neutral in terms of solving the problem, therefore it must be monitored closely.
3. Owners of Aircrafts are also supportive and come next to manufacturers in resolving the problem.
4. NAS includes the employees related to overall functioning of aircrafts. The Quality of their work is likely to influence the potential of industry. E should involve the NAS community in solving the mess and problem.
5. Market is of mixed attitude. Though we need to improve the situation but such mixed attitude of market should not pull back our planned efforts.
6. Device community is important but to a lesser extent. Priority should be that the Aircraft should repel any kind of RF interference. Insulating all the electronic gadgets is a big mess.
7. This stakeholder’s analysis should be revised periodically according to situation.
Problem 2: Analysis of electromagnetic environment on aircraft
Stakeholders want
    Stakeholder
    Want
    Aircraft Manufacturers
    Minimize the RF Interference to lowest
    Owner Companies
    Maintain the design and standards adopted by manufacturers
    Customers
    Be able to use their electronic gadgets freely during a flight
    Market
    Adopt new technology to make the fights safer and smoother
    NAS Community
    Preserve the NAS operational quality (like performance, safety, security, efficiency and impact on environment and society)
    Media
    Maximize the stories that sell
    Device Community
    Improve the design of their gadgets to support non interference
Stakeholders Classification
    Stakeholders
    Classification
    
    Power
    Legitimacy
    Urgency
    Prominence
    Classification
    Sub-
classification
    Aircraft Manufacturers
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
    Owner Companies
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
    Customers
    0
    1
    0
    0.3
    Latent
    Discretionary
    Market
    0
    1
    1
    0.7
    Expectant
    Dependent
    NAS Community
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
    Media
    0
    1
    0
    0.3
    Latent
    Discretionary
    Device Community
    1
    1
    1
    1
    Definitive
    Definitive
Stakeholder Attitudes
    Stakeholder
    Threat
    Cooperation
    Support
    Attitude
    Aircraft Manufacturers
    1
    1
    0
    Mixed reaction
    Owner Companies
    0
    1
    1
    Supportive
    Customers
    0
    1
    1
    Supportive
    Market
    0
    1
    1
    Supportive
    NAS Community
    1
    1
    0
    Mixed Reaction
    Media
    0
    0
    0
    Marginal
    Device Community
    1
    1
    0
    Mixed
Stakeholders’ Objectives
Stakeholder Management Plan
Stakeholder Management Plan integrates all the previous tables Stakeholder Wants, Classifications and Attitude with following table of Stakeholder engagement.
    
    Engagement
    CFM
    
    
    
    
    
    Stakeholders
    Strategy
    Centrality
    Out...
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