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Table 1 Cross-sectional study: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 1.Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 2.Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 3.Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 4.Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 5.Were confounding factors identified? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 6.Were strategies to deal with confounding factors stated? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 7.Were the outcomes measured in a valid and reliable way? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 8.Was appropriate statistical analysis used? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Add additional pages if needed Reference: (insert the reference here according to APA 6th edition) Table 2 Case-control study: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 1.Did the study address a clearly focused issue? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 2. Did the authors use an appropriate method to answer their question? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 3. Were the cases recruited in an acceptable way? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 4. Were the controls selected in an acceptable way? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 5. Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 6. Aside from the experimental intervention, were the groups treated equally? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 7. Have the authors taken account of the potential confounding factors in the design and/or in their analysis? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 8. How large was the treatment effect? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 9. How precise was the estimate of the treatment effect? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 10. Do you believe the results? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 11. Can the results be applied to the local population? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 12. Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Add additional pages if needed Reference: (insert the reference here according to APA 6th edition) Table 3 Cohort study: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 1.Did the study address a clearly focused issue? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 2.Was the cohort recruited in an acceptable way? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 3.Was the exposure accurately measured to minimise bias? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 4.Was the outcome accurately measured to minimise bias? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 5(a)Have the authors identified all important confounding factors? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 5(b)Have they taken account of the confounding factors in the design and/or analysis? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 6(a)Was the follow up of subjects complete enough? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 6(b)Was the follow up of subjects long enough? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 7.What are the results of this study? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 8.How precise are the results? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 9.Do you believe the results? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 10.Can the results be applied to the local population? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 11.Do the results of this study fit with other available evidence? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 12.What are the implications of this study for practice? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Add additional pages if needed Reference: (insert the reference here according to APA 6th edition) Add additional pages if needed Table 3 Randomised controlled trial: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 1. Did the trial address a clearly focused issue? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 2. Was the assignment of patients to treatments randomised? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 3. Were all of the patients who entered the trial properly accounted for at its conclusion? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 4.Were patients, health workers and study personnel ‘blind’ to treatment? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 5.Were the groups similar at the start of the trial? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 6.Aside from the experimental intervention, were the groups treated equally? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 7.How large was the treatment effect? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 8.How precise was the estimate of the treatment effect? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 9.Can the results be applied to the local population, or in your context? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 10.Were all clinically important outcomes considered? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 11.Are the benefits worth the harms and costs? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution PUBH6005_Assessment 3 templatePage 1 PUBH6005_Assessment 3 template Page 1 Table 1 Cross - sectional study : (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 1. Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 2. Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 3. Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 4. Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer PUBH6005_Assessment 3 template Page 1 Table 1 Cross-sectional study: (Insert the title of the paper you are appraising) Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 1.Were the criteria for inclusion in the sample clearly defined? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 2.Were the study subjects and the setting described in detail? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 3.Was the exposure measured in a valid and reliable way? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer 4.Were objective, standard criteria used for measurement of the condition? Yes/No/Unclear Evidence: justification, compare and contrasting or/and providing solution Critical appraisal questions Underline your answer PUBH6005_Assessment Brief 3 Page 1 of 8 ASSESSMENT BRIEF Subject Code and Title PUBH6005: Epidemiology Assessment Assessment 3: Critical Appraisal Individual/Group Individual Learning Outcomes This assessment addresses the following learning outcomes: 1. Assess levels of evidence and make recommendations 2. Interpret data arising from surveillance and research studies, including rates and ratios 3. Understand the difference between association and causation, statistical and public health significance 4. Critically evaluate epidemiological studies, including potential for bias, confounding and chance errors Submission Due Sunday following the end of week 11 at 11:55pm AEST/AEDT* Weighting 40% Total Marks 100 marks *Please Note: This time is Sydney time (AEST or AEDT). Please convert to your own time zone (eg. Adelaide = 11:25pm). PUBH6005_Assessment Brief 3 Page 2 of 8 Context: This assessment requires you to apply the knowledge and skills gained in all the modules to undertake a critical appraisal. You will need to appraise 3 articles of a topic and research question given to you by your facilitator. 1. Search the library database to find three studies that answer your research question. All three studies must be of different study designs. For instance, you could include case control, cohort and RCTs. These studies do not have to prove their hypothesis or agree with each other. Please note that marks will be deducted if all identified papers are of similar study. 2. Critically appraise all three articles you found. Your answers are to be written in