Ashanti Graham YesterdayAug 25 at 9:18pmManage Discussion Entry Three theories I would like toshare includebehaviorallearning theory,constructivismlearning theory,and trait leadership theory. Skinner...

Ashanti Graham

Three theories I would like toshare includebehaviorallearning theory,constructivismlearning theory,and trait leadership theory. Skinner is the theorist behind behavioral learning theory and argues that individuals behave based on how they interact with theirenvironment(Kwon & Silva, 2019).The theory holds the view thatbehaviorscan be learned or influencedbyexternal forces. The theory can beusefulin my profession asIcan use it to understand the behaviors of those around me.I ascribe to this theory because Ibelievecertainbehaviorscan be encouraged or discouraged.Forinstance,as a leader,I can make use of positivereinforcementsto encourage certain behaviors among team members.

Constructivismlearningtheory is predicated on the concept thatindividualsconstruct their own learning by drawing on the experiences they have had in the past. Students incorporate what they are being taught into their existing bodies of information and experiences, so producing a reality that is singular to each individual student. This learning paradigm emphasizes education as a dynamic, participatory process that is very individualistic and tailored to the specific needs of each learner(Verawati& Hartono, 2020).I ascribe to theprinciplesof this theory andbelieveasateacher I can use this theory to help improvethelearning experience of students.

According to the theory of trait leadership, individualsinherit or are born with certain qualities that make themperform exceptionally well in leadership. This means that everyone has thepotential to be an effective leader if they possess certain attributes, such as a feeling of responsibility, intellect,courage,creativity, and other values(Verawati& Hartono, 2020). The trait theory focuses on evaluating physical, mental, and social traits in order to get a better understanding of what combination of attributes staysconsistent among leaders.This theory can be useful in identifying important leadership qualities.However,Idon’tascribe to this theory because I am a strongbelieverin the idea that leaders are made as opposed to being born. Ibelievethat leadership is taught and learned which enables individuals to excel in their roles.

References

Kwon, H. R., & Silva, E. A. (2019). Mapping the Landscape of Behavioral Theories: Systematic Literature Review.Journal of Planning Literature,35(2),088541221988113.sagepub. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412219881135

Lederman, N. G., & Lederman, J. S. (2015). What Is A Theoretical Framework? A Practical Answer.Journal of Science Teacher Education,26(7), 593–597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10972-015-9443-2

Verawati, D. M., & Hartono, B. (2020). Effective Leadership: From The Perspective of Trait Theory and Behavior Theory.JurnalRisetEkonomiManajemen(REKOMEN),4(1), 13–23. https://doi.org/10.31002/rn.v4i1.2147

Renalta Smith

The human service field is focused on serving others in need and helping the community. A theory that applies to the human service field is leadership theory. Leadership is an example of humility. A servant displays a humble spirit and encompasses a practical approach to focusing on the greater good. The form of leadership within an organization focuses on the employees' goals to achieve the organization's goals and is used to inspire others by being a good steward.

Robert Greenleaf created the catchphrase servant-as-leader in the 1970s after his step down from AT&T. The theories behind Robert Greenleaf's leadership style were easy to understand. Greenleaf explained that a person must have a desire to lead and be willing to place the needs of others before themselves. The idea following a Servant leader is a person who serves to help better the lives of others and to create a better organization for their employees.

Some people believe that Servant leadership is a calling. The calling most view in a Servant leader is Christianity and doctrines found in the bible. Greenleaf explains that Servant leadership and Christianity are a natural feel, a desire to assist others (Greenleaf, 2002). The theories of Greenleaf regarding Servant leadership consist of being able to communicate, actively listening to understand, and having empathy.

The overall theory of Servant leadership is stewardship. Servant leaders are different than traditional ones in that servant leaders are purpose-driven while traditional leadership focuses on individual accomplishments. I ascribe to the Servant leadership theory because it displays good standards to follow. Views applied in the human service field, and my work with troubled teens is the psychoanalytic and psychodynamic theories. The theories are internal mental states that directly and indirectly impact an individual's thoughts, feelings, motives, and behaviors (DeLisi, 2013). Freud explains that the critical life stage in psychoanalysis is childhood because normal and abnormal processes set into motion the psychological health and distress that individuals experience throughout their life, and the processes begin to affect the mind.

Freud believed that experiences in childhood create the foundation for psychological functioning and dysfunction. Experience makes the psychoanalytic theory consistent with almost all criminological theories that point to the importance of childhood experiences for developing prosocial and antisocial (DeLisi, 2013). The most significant contribution from Freud is his three-part model of personality.

The first part is the id, which is present at birth and contains the blind, unreasoning, instinctual desires and motives, where life is instinctual and geared toward satisfying basic desires for food when hungry, sleep when tired, and parental love. The operating principle of the id is called the pleasure principle. The pleasure principle is the pursuit of the satisfaction of pleasure to reduce inner tension and is considered the driving force of life. An individual's struggle to restrain the purpose of the pleasure principle may lead to psychoses and other forms of psychological distress (DeLisi, 2013). The ego grows from the id and has an operating principle called the reality principle.

In the reality principle, children realize that life includes more than mere pleasure and gratification, and they experience disappointments and problems (DeLisi, 2013). The role of the ego is to deal with those problems. The superego develops from the ego and is an individual's internal image of the moral code, norms, and values forced by society and family. The superego is where the conscience grows as the conscious and unconscious understanding of societal rules (DeLisi, 2013). All elements together create a balance in a person's personality, and if one part of the psychoanalytic theory is off, the individual is likely to commit criminal behavior. Another significant contribution of Freud is the defense mechanism.

A defense mechanism is a way for our mind to protect us from being knowingly aware of thoughts or feelings that cause conflict that is too hard to handle. Our defense mechanism allows our anxiety and stress to get reduced. The lack of impulse control would indicate antisocial behavior issues, affecting the person's ability to feel remorse or consider how their actions would affect another(DeLisi,2013). The pros of Freud's psychoanalytic theory are that it describes the importance of experiences that occur early in one's childhood.

It explains the role of one's internal conflict and how our unconscious and conscious play a role in our lives. The cons of the theory are that it is hard to test, and Freud bases his opinion on two elements; sex and aggression (DeLisi, 2013). The theory's highest advantage is that it combines ideas of childhood, the unconscious, personality development, and dream analysis and come up with one complete explanation of understanding human behavior and emotion. I find these theories interesting in understanding how life and a person's environment can influence their choices which leads them into instead they are more likely to commit a crime.

Thanks,

Renalta

Resources

Greenleaf, R. K. (2002).(25th-anniversary ed.) (L. C. Spears, Ed.). Paulist Press.

Vaughn, M. G., DeLisi, M., & Matto, H. C. (2013).Human behavior: A cell to society approach. John Wiley & Sons.