Do you think that patient advocates or community members should be included on ethics committees? Why?Health Care Ethics: Critical Issues for the 21st Century HEALTH CARE ETHICS Critical Issues for the 21st Century Edited by Eileen E. Morrison, EdD, MPH, LPC, CHES Professor, School of Health Administration Texas State University, San Marcos San Marcos, Texas Beth Furlong, PhD, JD, RN Associate Professor Emerita, Center for Health Policy and Ethics Creighton University Omaha, Nebraska FOURTH EDITION World Headquarters Jones & Bartlett Learning 5 Wall Street Burlington, MA 01803 978-443-5000
[email protected] www.jblearning.com Jones & Bartlett Learning books and products are available through most bookstores and online booksellers. To contact Jones & Bartlett Learning directly, call 800-832-0034, fax 978-443-8000, or visit our website, www.jblearning.com. Substantial discounts on bulk quantities of Jones & Bartlett Learning publications are available to corporations, professional associations, and other qualified organizations. For details and specific discount information, contact the special sales department at Jones & Bartlett Learning via the above contact information or send an email to
[email protected]. Copyright © 2019 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. The content, statements, views, and opinions herein are the sole expression of the respective authors and not that of Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not constitute or imply its endorsement or recommendation by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC and such reference shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes. All trademarks displayed are the trademarks of the parties noted herein. Health Care Ethics: Critical Issues for the 21st Century, Fourth Edition is an independent publication and has not been authorized, sponsored, or otherwise approved by the owners of the trademarks or service marks referenced in this product. There may be images in this book that feature models; these models do not necessarily endorse, represent, or participate in the activities represented in the images. Any screenshots in this product are for educational and instructive purposes only. Any individuals and scenarios featured in the case studies throughout this product may be real or fictitious, but are used for instructional purposes only. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the Subject Matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the service of a competent professional person should be sought. Production Credits VP, Product Management: David D. Cella Director of Product Management: Michael Brown Product Specialist: Danielle Bessette Production Manager: Carolyn Rogers Pershouse Vendor Manager: Molly Hogue Senior Marketing Manager: Sophie Fleck Teague Manufacturing and Inventory Control Supervisor: Amy Bacus Composition: codeMantra U.S. LLC Project Management: codeMantra U.S. LLC Cover Design: Kristin E. Parker Rights & Media Specialist: Robert Boder Media Development Editor: Shannon Sheehan Cover Image: © nixki/Shutterstock; © Dutourdumonde Photography/Shutterstock. Printing and Binding: Edwards Brothers Malloy Cover Printing: Edwards Brothers Malloy Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Morrison, Eileen E., editor. | Furlong, Elizabeth, editor. Title: Health care ethics: critical issues for the 21st century / edited by Eileen Morrison, Beth Furlong. Other titles: Health care ethics (Morrison) Description: Fourth edition. | Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning, [2019] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017043204 | ISBN 9781284124910 (pbk.: alk. paper) Subjects: | MESH: Bioethical Issues | Delivery of Health Care—ethics | Ethics, Clinical Classification: LCC R724 | NLM WB 60 | DDC 174.2—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017043204 6048 Printed in the United States of America 22 21 20 19 18 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 mailto:
[email protected] http://www.jblearning.com http://www.jblearning.com mailto:
[email protected] https://lccn.loc.gov/2017043204 Writing is always a collaboration. While writers have unique ways of seeing the world, they are influenced by their experiences, research, and education. Therefore, I dedicate this edition of Health Care Ethics: Critical Issues for the 21st Century to all those who contributed to chapters in this work and those who supported me through its creation. First, there is my immediate family, Grant, Kate, Emery Aidan, and Morrigan Leigh, who listened and encouraged. There are also colleagues, relatives, and friends who provided feedback and a lift of spirit when I needed it. Finally, there is my publisher, Michael Brown; my coeditor, Beth Furlong; and my Jones & Bartlett Learning editor, Danielle Bessette. They each added much to the quality and integrity of this work. –Eileen E. Morrison Mentors facilitate one’s journey. My gratitude goes to Dr. Amy Haddad and colleagues at Creighton University’s Center for Health Policy and Ethics. I value the ever-present support of my husband, Robert Ramaley. Furthering the ethics education of others with this book is possible because of the collegiality and support of my coeditor, Dr. Eileen Morrison. It has been a professional pleasure to work with her. –Beth Furlong iv © f11photo/Shutterstock Contents Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii About the Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x PART I Foundations in Theory 1 Chapter 1 Theory of Healthcare Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ethics and Health Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ethical Relativism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Ethics Theories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Ethics Theories and Their Value to Healthcare Professionals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Questions for Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31 Chapter 2 Principles of Healthcare Ethics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 Nonmaleficence . . . . . . . . . . .