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FACTORS AFFECTING MATERNAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AND STRATEGIES FOR THIS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Introduction
The term maternal morbidity is very overarching and is generally referred to as any mental illness or illness that is physical and is very directly related to the birth of a child or pregnancy. The maternal mortality or morbidity is not usually life-threatening but can have certain impacts on the quality of the lives (Glenn, 2017). As per the study which has been conducted in the recent years it is witnessed that the main reasons behind maternal mortality are bleedings of the postpartum which contributes to 15 per cent, the complications which arise from the abortion which is unsafe. It also contributes to 15 per cent of the rate of maternal mortality. The other reasons are disorders in pregnancy that are hypertensive. It contributes to 10 per cent of the rate of maternal morbidity. There are infections of postpartum contributing to 8 per cent and labours that are obstructed contribute to 6 per cent of maternal mortality and morbidity. The current rate of maternal mortality says that there are around 700 women in a year who lose their lives due to complications in their pregnancy in developed countries like the United States. There is a high mortality rate of women for every 100,000 births of loves (HealthStatistics, 2018). The rate of prevalence in the countries like North Africa, India and Bangladesh is very high, and it has been identified according to the data of WHO that these developing countries contribute to one-third of the total number of maternal deaths taking place in the world (CDC, 2007). We are going to study the factors which affect the rate of maternal mortality and morbidity in the developing countries. We will also have a discussion on the strategies for addressing the issues, education as well as the level of awareness.
Factors affecting maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries 
There are several factors which affect the maternal mortality and morbidity in the developing countries including physical, socio-economic and other emotional or mental factors. According to the data of the World Health Organization it has been estimated that around 7.9 per cent of the deaths that take place in the developing countries like India, Nigeria etc. are to maternal are due to the outcomes which are abortive. Their abortive outcomes include abortions that are induced or spontaneous along with pregnancies that are ectopic. However, it is witnessed that the percentage of mortality has declined from 13 per cent to 7.9 in the recent years due to abortions that are unsafe (Joe, et al., 2015). There are also issues related to ectopic pregnancy and the reports of WHO suggests a gradual increase in the incidence. There is a very high rate of a fatality where immediate surgical care is most of the times not available. There has been underreporting observed due to induced abortions because the abortions being done are unsafe. The reason behind unsafe abortions is lack of necessary skills by the individuals who are performing it. Alongside there are no confirmations with the minimum number of clinical standards. The data generated by WHO also suggests us that in underdeveloped countries like Bangladesh, India and North Africa which are gradually developing there are certain religious values along with prevailing of cultures which do not allow a woman to disclose the attempts of abortion. The professional of health care does not submit these reports of death. These under registrations of death are resulting in stigmatisation related to abortion and getting directed towards intentional misclassifications (WHO, 2018).
It has been identified that the cause of maternal mortality and morbidity are the common reasons which seem indirect. These secondary causes seem to be the most direct ones contributing to maternal mortality and morbidity. There are 70 per cent deaths occurring due to medical conditions which are pre-existing, including AIDS/ HIV which gets exacerbated by the pregnancy of a woman (Filippi, et al., 2016). There are estimates of points which show substantial differences and distinctions across the regions. It has been accounted from the records of WHO that 32.9 per cent of deaths occurred in the region of North Africa due to hemorrhage as compared to 16.3 per cent in the regions which are developed (UNICEF, 2017). It has also been witnessed that hypersensitive disorders are also a major cause for maternity deaths accounting to around 22.1 per cent of the total number of maternity deaths taking place (Deagle, 2017). It has been identified as per the records of WHO that the maximum number of sepsis deaths has occurred in the regions that are developing and the rate of death was the highest at 13.7 per cent in the Southern parts of Asia. It is also observed that a very small portion of death resulted due to abortion in the eastern parts of Asia which accounted to around 0.8 per cent in the areas where there is an approach very restricted to abortions. The data of the World Health Organization has suggested that the maternity deaths and maternal morbidity were the highest in Southern Asia due to the indirect causes that accounted...