need to add a planned analyses section to the paper attached(do not need to collect data)Also will attach guidelines
[Type text][Type text][Type text] 6 RESEARCH PROPOSAL GUIDELINES Research Proposal: Planned Analyses RESEARCH PROPOSAL: Planned Analyses In the next step of your Research Proposal, you will draft a Planned Analyses section. This new section is intended to follow-up on your previous Introduction, Problem Statement and Goals as well as Method sections – you will certainly wish to review your previous work, particularly your research question, variables and hypothesis as a starting point for your Planned Analyses section. You are strongly encouraged to review our readings and Biweekly Response feedback on experimental design, research questions and hypotheses before you begin. In particular, please review these key concepts: experimental design; between-subjects and within-subjects designs; independent variable (IV) and levels of an IV; dependent variable (DV) and the relationship to the IV; manipulation of the IV; experimental control (of extraneous and confounding variables); and hypothesis testing. You will then write and submit a written paper in the style of the American Psychological Association (APA format). Your Planned Analyses draft must be from 3-5 pages in length and include in-text citations where appropriate. Please check the Grading Criteria/Rubric for this section. There are two main steps for this project: STEP 1: Brainstorming an analytic strategy Based on your Method section and previous brainstorming, you will draft a Planned Analyses section. In your draft, you should follow the sample paper format. Based on your hypothesis (including operational definitions of your IV and DV) from your Method draft, select the appropriate statistical analysis (e.g., t-test or ANOVA). Consult the PDF, “Reviewing experimental design and choosing the right statistical test” for guidance. STEP 2: Final draft of Planned Analyses Sections of Your Research Proposal Your proposal will be a full version of the American Psychological Association’s (APA) recommended structure, the model that is followed in most of the social sciences. Before writing your paper, be sure to thoroughly review the Grading Criteria/Rubric. This rubric can also be used as a checklist as you draft your paper (you may also refer to the sample paper posted in Blackboard). Your paper should include the following sections: · The Title Page comes first. Starting about 1/3 down the page and centered, list the title of your paper, your name, your institutional affiliation (i.e., School of Professional Studies, City University of New York), a date, and your professor’s name and course number/title. Your Title Page should also include a Running Head (see the APA Style and Formatting folder in Blackboard for more information). · Next comes the Planned Analyses section (1-2 pages) (again, no page break). This is where you include whatever statistics you have decided to use to analyze your future data (both descriptive and inferential statistics). You should refer to figures in the text, for example by writing “In Figure 1, we…” (but you will include the actual figure(s) in the Appendix). You must also address possible limitations of your proposed design: a discussion on any problems that could hinder your ability to draw meaningful conclusions from your study. Most importantly, you must, throughout this section, relate your reported statistical analyses back to your original research questions, hypothesis and operationalized variables through in the text – one of the best ways to do this is to always be specific about your variables (e.g., “We manipulated time spent sleeping into two levels, no sleep and a full eight hours of sleep, to determine if this manipulation would affect scores on a subsequent test of short-term memory,” and avoid expressions such as “We manipulated the IV into two levels to test the affect of the manipulation on the DV.” Although you will not be collecting data for this project, you will need to report on how you would analyze your data (assuming your proposal was funded). You will first need to decide on what research design you plan to use -- options for this course include experimental and quasi-experimental designs. You must decide if you will report measures of central tendency [e.g., mean (M), median (ME), mode (MD) and standard deviations (SD)] or only frequencies for your DV – this depends on how you measure your DV (e.g., as nominal, interval). You must also describe each level of your IV. Next, you will need to decide on a statistical test -- either an independent samples t-test, chi-square test for independence, or one-way ANOVA to compare your experimental and control groups (more complex designs may call for different tests!). You must describe which test statistic (e.g., the t or F value) you plan to report. Also include which measure of effect size (Cohen’s d for t-test, or eta square for one-way ANOVA) you will report. Relate your analysis back to your variables and hypothesis. You (with feedback from your team) will then decide under what conditions you will either accept or reject the null hypothesis. That is, you will explain how you will use the significance level (p value) to either accept or reject the null hypothesis. In the event you were to reject the null hypothesis, you must provide support for why you would accept your alternative hypothesis, based on how you plan to control for extraneous or confounding variables (and thus establish internal validity for your experiment). Finally (and importantly!), you must describe possible limitations to your design (either statistically or in more practical terms). Discuss how you will attempt to control for these limitations. · The References section comes last (1-2 pages, if applicable), and begins after a page break. Here you include the detailed citations for each of the articles from professional journals that you referred to in developing your hypothesis. Be sure to use the correct APA format for listing references. · (OPTIONAL) Last is the Appendix (1 or more pages). Here you will present any figures you believe will be helpful to the reader. Not sure you need a particular figure? A general rule of thumb is to ask yourself, “does this figure enhance the reader’s understanding? Do I really need it?” If your answer to these questions is “no,” then you don’t need a figure! Each figure must include its own title in the following style: “Figure 1. Data collection worksheet.” Since you do not have actual data, you can provide figures/tables that reflect “dummy data” that indicate support for your hypothesis. Check the APA resources in Blackboard for some examples of figures (in particular, how to create a descriptive title for each in the Appendix section of your paper) Revising and Proofreading your Paper Finished drafting your paper? Great! But you’re not done yet! Revision. The next crucial step in the writing process is revision. Be aware of the following signs that revisions are needed: · You have to read through a passage multiple times before understanding the meaning · You feel compelled to read through a passage quickly to “get it over with” · Something about a passage doesn’t feel quite right · You feel like you made the same argument at another point in the paper · The conclusion doesn’t seem connected to the paper · A paragraph seems to “come out of nowhere” If you encounter any of the above situations, it’s time to revise! Proofreading. Some students confuse revision with proofreading. What’s the difference? Generally, a “proof” is a final version of the paper (after you have revised it, perhaps multiple times!). Proofreading is the final step in the paper writing process when you check for grammatical and spelling errors. As most of you know, MS Word and most other word processing programs have grammar and spellcheck tools built-in—make sure to use them! This is also the final stage where you should check that you are meeting all APA formatting guidelines for paper structure (including headings), in-text citations, and full references. General Tips and Suggestions · Start early! You can certainly get a head start on Step 2 (the paper) before you’ve selected a Problem Statement! For example, you can draft the Introduction as you review the literature. Remember to give yourself enough time to revise and proofread! · Title page. Your title should be centered at the top of the page. The title should be no more than 10-12 words long and be as concise as possible. Do not include phrases such as “A Study of…” or “A Final Project that Investigates…” Also, avoid “cute” titles, e.g. “Don’t Worry, Be Happy.” For example, a literature review that looked at research on flavors of lollipops kindergartners prefer might be called “A Review of Lollipop Flavor Preference Patterns in Five-Year-Olds.” Finally, avoid colorful or extra large fonts and images—keep it simple, clean and professional by using Times New Roman 12-point font throughout. · Introduction. Don’t use a section header—just repeat the title. In the first paragraph you should state the purpose of your research project in the form of a thesis statement. The rest of this section should include several paragraphs critically summarizing and organizing into meaningful categories each of the peer-reviewed, empirical articles that you found that relate to your chosen topic. (See the library resources on what counts as “peer-reviewed” research, as well as Step 2 above.) · In-text citations. You should include at least three (3) peer-reviewed, empirical sources accompanied by APA formatted in-text citations where appropriate. In-text citations need not accompany every sentence you write—but they should accompany each passage of your paper pertaining to a cited source so that the reader knows these are not your original ideas. · Be concise. In research reports, clarity and brevity are valued (another good word for this is “parsimony”). Only include details that are important to the reader in understanding the major concepts of your review. This also means avoiding long direct quotes from the original sources. Instead, briefly and succinctly summarize only the key concepts/ideas relevant to your paper. · Be precise and objective. Invest time in finding the right words and phrases to use in reviewing the literature. Don’t insert your own reaction to the previous studies. For example, “I was really surprised to find out that…” is not appropriate. Remember: this is not an opinion piece, but a formal proposal to conduct research! · Emphasis. Don’t use underlining or italics! Although previous versions of APA format did make use of some of these features, current guidelines (APA Publication Manual, 6th edition) require you to only use bold font, and only for section and subsection headings. · Style. You may refer to yourself in your paper in the first person (i.e., “I”). You may have learned previously that using “I” should be avoided; however, current APA guidelines allow for first person pronouns when appropriate. You should minimize use of “I” when possible, however—use it only when it is important to reference that some concept or idea, or some previous research, is directly related to you. (This does NOT include personal or unsupported opinions, which should be avoided.) · Utilize teamwork! Not sure if