the files are attached it statistics maths, the last file is a PDF file which could be opened as normal but in relation to the files titled "box.sav" and "styles.sav" they would need a software called "Spss27" to be opened.
Assignment_2022 PS115-4-FY UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX PS115 Statistics Assignment 2 (Computer-Based Assignment) 2022 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - PS115 STATISTICS FOR PSYCHOLOGISTS - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - This is the PS115 Computer-Based Assignment. The assignment is designed to test students’ skills and knowledge about performing statistics, using SPSS and reporting their results. You should complete this assignment offline and submit your answers via the link that you have been given. For the longer responses (e.g., reporting results), you may wish to type your responses into a Word document, so that you can copy and paste them into the survey. You must submit your answers before the deadline: Friday, 29th April at 5pm UK time. It will take some time to enter all your responses into the survey, so be sure to leave yourself enough time. You have been provided with two SPSS files that you need to complete this assignment: Box.sav and Styles.sav. These files were emailed to you and can also be downloaded from the survey link. IMPORTANT: These files are associated with YOUR student registration number, so you must only use these files and not those that you have obtained from other students or elsewhere. Different students will have different questions and data, and if you give answers for the incorrect data you may receive a mark of zero. The answers that you enter should be your own work. Work which is plagiarised or identical to other students may receive a mark of zero. Collusion with other students, including chatting about your questions and answers during the week, is not permitted and may be an academic offence. Sharing this paper, or the associated data files, is strictly prohibited. This assignment has two sections. In Section A, there are two questions. You will be asked to write a short results section based on some SPSS analysis, as well as answering questions about the tests involved. Full details of this study are on page 2. In Section B, there are some additional questions based on a second set of data. Full details of this study are on pages 6-7. There are 75 marks available. Section A = 34 marks, Section B = 41 marks. The number of marks available for each question is shown in brackets. For determining statistical significance you should use a significance level of .05. Unless otherwise stated, you should report numerical values to three significant figures. PS115-4-FY -2- SECTION A (INFORMATION) The question in Section A is about the Closed Box Study (Data file: Box.sav) Information on the Closed Box Study A psychologist has conducted a study into children’s problem solving. The task in this study required children to release a catch on a box to allow a doll to ‘escape’ from the closed box. Children could not touch the box, but had to use an object to release the catch. Four objects were on the same table as the box (a key, a tennis ball, a long pencil, and a cup), but only one of these (the long pencil) could actually be used to successfully release the catch. This long pencil is referred to as the target object (as it is the object that children needed to use to solve the task). Ninety-six children participated, all of who were in the third year of primary school (aged 7 to 8 years). Children were assigned alternately to one of two experimental conditions, and were tested individually. In one condition, the task was explained to the participant and then the experimenter drew the child’s attention to the four objects and asked him/her to say what each of the four objects is usually used for. This condition is called the object question condition. In the other condition, the task was explained to the participant and then the experimenter drew the child’s attention to the four objects as in the other condition. However, the child was not asked to say what each of the four objects is usually used for. This condition is called the no question condition. After the instructions, the child was told to start (and try to open the box). The experimenter recorded a number of measures of each child’s task performance. First, what the first object picked up by the child was. Second, the number of seconds from the start of the task before the child picked up the target object. Third, the number of seconds from the start of the task before the child opened the box. All children did successfully open the box. In addition, the age in months and the sex of each child was recorded. The data were entered in an SPSS data file. The variables are as follows: Variable Name, Description [with coding] cond Experimental condition [1 = object question condition, 2 = no question condition] sex Sex of child [1 = male, 2 = female] age Age in months pick.1st First object picked up [1 = key, 2 = tennis ball, 3 = long pencil, 4 = cup] pick.tar Was first object picked the target object? [1 = no, 2 = yes] time.tar Time (seconds) taken to pick up the target object time.box Time (seconds) taken to open the box The data are available for all 96 participants. There are no missing values. The experimenter has made a number of predictions (P) concerning the two experimental conditions: P1 The proportion of boys and girls will not differ significantly between the two experimental conditions. P2 The mean age will not differ significantly between the two experimental conditions. P3 Children in the no question condition will be more likely to pick the target object as their first object than children in the object question condition. P4 The average time taken to pick up the target object will be lower for children in the no question condition than for children in the object question condition. P5 The average time taken to open the box will be lower for children in the no question condition than for children in the object question condition. P6 Older children will take less time to open the box than younger children. Note: You may assume that, unless a question explicitly states otherwise, parametric statistical tests can be used for analyses that involve measurement data (i.e., for analyses that involve at least one NON-categorical variable). PS115-4-FY -3- SECTION A (RESULTS SECTION) The questions in Section A are about the Closed Box Study. Use the following SPSS data file for Section A: Box.sav Question A1 [29 marks] For this question, you need only consider the following two predictions concerning the Closed Box Study: P3 Children in the no question condition will be more likely to pick the target object as their first object than children in the object question condition. P4 The average time taken to pick up the target object will be lower for children in the no question condition than for children in the object question condition. Use the data in the file that you have been provided with to write a summary appropriate for the results section in a formal report in psychology. Analyse and report only the information that is appropriate for each prediction. You should assume that the only variables of interest for your results section are the ones needed to investigate these two predictions. You can answer this question with text only (i.e., you cannot include tables or graphs). You should write in full sentences. Marks will be awarded for clarity and correct interpretation of the statistical data. In order to save space and time, you may use the abbreviations P3 and P4 to refer to the predictions. Any other abbreviations that you use should be defined first. You may assume that parametric statistical tests can be used for analyses that involve measurement data (i.e., for analyses that involve at least one NON-categorical variable). Depending on your web browser, you may find that you have problems entering some symbols (e.g., “<”) – this is a problem with how the text is displayed only, and will not affect your mark. if you wish to use greek letters you can use the roman equivalents or write them in words (“alpha”, “beta”, “chi” etc.). report your results for p3 here: ps115-4-fy -4- report your results for p4 here: question a2 [5 marks] for this question, you need to think about the procedures appropriate for testing the following predictions/assumptions. you do not need to perform these tests, though it may help to look at the relevant variables when considering which test is most appropriate. (a) which statistical test would be most appropriate for testing prediction p1? (circle one answer) independent samples t-test paired samples t- test pearson’s correlation chi-squared goodness of fit test chi-squared test for contingency tables (b) which statistical test would be most appropriate for testing prediction p2? 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