write about the Reproductive system, its structure , types, functions ,disease with two diagramsThe essay will be in reproductive system either male or female or both with diagram with structure,...

Human Physiology         2
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
Table of Contents
Reproductive System    3
Male Reproductive System    3
Female Reproductive System    6
Digestive System    9
Reproductive System
The reproductive system is a set of organs and structures that function together to facilitate the process of reproduction. There is a difference in the reproductive system of males and females, each contributing essential elements to produce a new life.
Male Reproductive System
Testes
· Function: The testes are the main male reproductive organs responsible for producing sperm cells (spermatogenesis) and secreting testosterone, the male sex hormone.
· Structure: Each testis is composed of tiny coiled tubes also known as seminiferous tubules. This is the site where sperm cells are produced.
· Location: The testes are housed within the scrotum, a pouch of skin and muscle that hangs outside the body. This external location helps regulate the temperature of the testes, which is crucial for sperm production. The lower temperature in the scrotum is necessary for optimal spermatogenesis.
Epididymis
· Function: Sperm cells produced in the seminiferous tubules that move to the epididymis for maturation and are stored until ejaculation.
· Structure: The epididymis is a tightly coiled tube which is present in the posterior side of each testis.
· Location: The epididymis is attached to the posterior part of each testis, acting as a place for sperm storage and the place where it remains for maturation.
Vas Deferens
· Function: The vas deferens is also known as the ductus deferens, are muscular tubes that is responsible for transporting mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation.
· Structure: It forms the part of the spermatic cord and extends from the epididymis, through the inguinal canal through the pelvic cavity.
· Location: The vas deferens connects the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct, serving as a tube for sperm transport. During ejaculation, muscular contractions help propel the sperm toward the urethra.
Accessory Glands
· Seminal Vesicles: These glands helps in semen formation by secreting a fluid rich in fructose, prostaglandins, and other substances that nourish sperm, providing them with energy.
· Prostate Gland: Produces a milky alkaline fluid that adds a significant portion of the semen volume. This fluid contains enzymes and substances that enhance sperm motility.
· Bulbourethral Glands: Secrete a clear, viscous fluid that cleanses the urethra of acidic urine residues and provides lubrication on the surface of the penis. This becomes functional during the time of sexual arousal.
· Location: These glands are in the pelvic region and their secretions together form the seminal fluid that, when mixed with sperm from the vas deferens, forms semen.
Penis
· Function: The penis is the male external genital organ used for sexual intercourse and the release of sperm (ejaculation).
· Structure: Comprises three cylindrical columns of erectile tissue: two corpus cavernosa on the upper side and one corpus spongiosum underneath that surrounds the urethra.
· Location: The penis extends from the pelvic region and is composed of erectile tissue that fills with blood during sexual arousal, causing an erection. The urethra within the penis serves as a tube or passage for both urine and semen during ejaculation.
The coordinated function of these structures and organs is essential for male...