This assignment is very important for me and my teacher is very strict about the referencing .This is my last subject for this semester and each answer is ought to be 250 words .please help me with this .
Microsoft Word - case study student final BM semester 2 2021_RZ_BM BIOL122 End-of-semester worksheet Semester 2, 2021 End-of-semester worksheet Instructions for submission To identify which question you answer, write Q1/1 answer…, Q1/2 answer…., and do not repeat/copy the questions. This is requested to ensure you do not generate a high similarity score in Turnitin. Note that mark deductions apply if you repeat the questions in your answer sheet, or we cannot unambiguously identify the questions your answers address. To show your understanding of the content, and that you are answering the questions asked (rather than adding all the information you can find about a topic), we strongly suggest that none of your answers exceed 250 words. Answers that are excessively long may be marked down as they do not clearly show your understanding of the subject matter. Note that for most questions, you can write well under 250 words and still appropriately answer them. Importantly, the quality of your answers does not get better if you are verbose, state facts irrelevant to the question, or provide an answer to a question you would have liked to see. Your answers must not be copy-pasted from your notes, workbook, textbooks, or the internet. In fact, we are deliberately asking questions that make you reflect on and piece together information you have learnt throughout the semester. Therefore, you do not have to provide references. To get full marks, you will need to clearly demonstrate that you understood the learning material and are able to apply the acquired knowledge. When marking, we are looking for connections to be clearly stated, unambiguously written, and well-reasoned. We expect high-quality and convincing writing, where the meaning is clear, relevant terminology is used, and which reflects engagement with the unit. Do not be afraid of using dot points wherever you can; succinct and clear writing is far superior to a word salad or to several paragraphs without essence. For maximum mark, you are expected to answer all questions in ALL case studies. Hints/feedback from previous semesters Take care that your answers have the expected level of depth—it will not be enough, for example, to state that ‘drug X decreases blood pressure’; we expect you to explain the mechanism of, and describe the chain of events leading to, the desired/known effects. As an attempt to try to hide blatant plagiarism, some students had just simply replaced certain words in their text they copied from the internet/textbooks. This is not paraphrasing but cheating (i.e., plagiarism). In addition, the replacement words tend to alter the meaning and/or may be inappropriate in the context of the answer. Any form of academic misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, collusion, or sloppy paraphrasing) will be subject to vigorous academic misconduct investigations resulting in mark deductions, cancellation of the assessment task, and/or disciplinary hearings. We are particularly keen on seeing evidence of your critical thinking skills—i.e., you are supposed to assess all information you obtain from various reliable sources (textbooks, lecture material, journal articles). Please be aware that just because Google suggests an answer, it does not mean it is correct. BIOL122 End-of-semester worksheet Semester 2, 2021 CASE STUDY ONE (25 marks) Mary-Lou is a 75-year-old widow, who lost her husband to cancer over a year ago. Her family and friends have noticed that she has been very teary, has low self-esteem, and has lost interest in the things she used to love, such as going to bingo with her friends and gardening. Her family initially put this down to the loss of her husband and thought it would pass with time. However, they are now getting really concerned as they have noticed that Mary-Lou’s mood is not improving still. When asked by her daughter if she is sleeping well, she says she has been drinking wine every night to help her go to sleep because it makes her feel happy and relaxed. What started as one glass a night has now increased to two or three glasses a night, and she has also started drinking during the day. Her daughter has noticed that her mum’s face always appears flushed and that she has had quite a few colds lately. Mary-Lou is also losing her balance and experiencing mood swings. Her daughter is worried that she is relying too heavily on alcohol and fears that she is starting to get short-term memory loss from the alcohol consumption. She has been forgetting things such as where she put her keys, whether she turned on the washing machine, and why she opened the fridge. Further, Mary-Lou tends to forget the topic of conversation when talking with her daughter on the phone and has also been getting disorientated and lost when she goes out on her daily walks. The other day, for example, a neighbor rang her daughter to tell her that she found Mary-Lou wandering around aimlessly, and when questioned what she was doing, Mary-Lou snapped and said she was trying to get home. Her daughter decided it was time to take Mary-Lou to the local GP to work out what was going on with her. After listening to the signs and symptoms Mary-Lou was experiencing, the GP diagnosed her with depression and prescribed a SSRI to be taken daily. Based on the results of clinical and radiological assessments, the GP determined that she also had early onset Alzheimer’s disease. He prescribed a cholinesterase inhibitor and gave the family information on support groups and tips on what to do from here on in. He also prescribed a tranquiliser to be taken daily. Question 1 (5 marks) Based on the description above Select/name one of the diseases/conditions Mary-Lou is suffering from and describe two signs and/or symptoms from Mary-Lou’s history that support your selection. Explain the pathophysiology of the condition you named Question 2 (3 marks) Explain the mechanism of action of one drug type Mary-Lou is prescribed with and describe how these drug actions help mitigate some of her symptoms. In you answer, make references to the pathophysiology of the relevant disease and relate the chosen drug’s mechanism of action to the aetiology/pathogenesis of the disease. Question 3 (4 marks) The following questions relate to a drug called MedZ: a. MedZ contains 200 mg of the active ingredient in an intestine-solvent capsule. The active ingredient is effectively transported across the intestinal mucosa, which ensures that 78% of the drug is absorbed and enters the portal circulation. The drug undergoes a significant degree of first-pass metabolism, in which process 55% of the drug passing through the liver gets metabolized and therefore degraded to an inactive product. Calculate MedZ’s bioavailability and show your calculations (2 marks). BIOL122 End-of-semester worksheet Semester 2, 2021 b. When administered alone, 82% of MedZ is bound to plasma albumin. However, because of the higher plasma protein binding affinity of another drug, called MedY, when MedZ and MedY are administered together, the bound fraction of MedZ decreases to 35%. i. Identify the type of drug interaction between MedZ and MedY in the present scenario and give your rationale (1 mark). ii. Assuming that MedZ and MedY are administered together in an elderly patient, explain if the dose of MedZ should be decreased, increased, or left unchanged and give your rationale. (1 marks). Mary-Lou’s family was happy with the management plan established by the doctor as Mary-Lou was progressing quite well. She was using notepads to jot down reminders, a pillbox to keep her medication organized, and a calendar to record appointments. Her family members were helping her with routine tasks such as cooking and paying bills. She was feeling much happier and did not have to rely on alcohol to go to sleep. One day she was feeling so good she decided to walk to her GP appointment alone. On her way there she stumbled over a branch and fell. She felt excruciating pain in her hip. A passer-by called an ambulance, and she was taken to the emergency department at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. An X-ray revealed that she had hip fracture and had to have surgery to repair it. Mary-Lou wondered whether this was linked to the pain she had been experiencing in her left knee for a while now. The specialist explained to Mary-Lou that the pain in her left knee was likely due to degeneration of her cartilage and said that the fracture might have been due to weakened bones. He told her he would like her to have a bone mineral density test to measure her bone density. The DEXA scan gave a T-score of −3.0. Mary-Lou is now given bisphosphonates and told to increase her daily intake of calcium. Question 4 (5 marks) Name the disease affecting Mary-Lou’s left knee and describe two characteristic clinical manifestations of this pathology (2 mark). Explain the aetiology and pathophysiology of the disease (3 mark). Question 5 (5 marks) Considering Mary-Lou’s T-score, identify the disease she suffers from, briefly describe the pathogenesis of this disease, describe the mechanism of action of bisphosphonate administration, and explain the benefits of this treatment in her present condition. Question 6 (3 marks) Discuss why Mary-Lou’s fracture may take longer to heal than it would for someone who was half her age. In your answer, you are expected to name and discuss three physiological factors that are needed for healing to take place and explain how each of the factors you identified is affected by ageing. BIOL122 End-of-semester worksheet Semester 2, 2021 CASE STUDY 2 (8 marks) Hilda Wilde is a 45-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with asthma as a child. She recalls her first asthma attack being horrendous; chest tightness, breathing difficulty, wheezing, feeling anxious,