Using what you have learned from modules 1-6 create a report on an annotated bibliography based on the topic selected in assignment 2. The report needs to contain: Introduction/background Annotated...

HEALTHCARE                                        1
HEALTHCARE                                        12
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE TOPIC:
DOES HANDWASHING PROTOCOL AMONG HEALTH WORKERS AND PATIENTS, REDUCE HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS DURING HOSPITALISATION?
Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Annotated Bibliography    3
Source 1:    3
Source 2:    5
Source 3:    7
Source 4:    8
Literature Evaluation    10
Conclusion    11
References    12
Introduction
Hospital acquires infections also known as nosocomial infections can be one of the major sources of illness among patients as well as staff members. Therefore, hygiene becomes an essential tool in prevention of hospital born infections. Hand hygiene acts as a barrier in transmission of these hospitals born infections and can prove significantly effective in the eradication of the same.
This paper will present the annotated bibliography for the chosen research question “Does hand washing protocol among health workers and patients reduce hospital-acquired infections during hospitalisation?” Further, efforts will be made to present a complete analysis of the selected research articles.
Literature evaluation of the selected articles will be done in order to present a comprehensive discussion concerning the chosen research question. Likewise, this paper will end with a brief summary of major point directing towards a significant conclusion.
Annotated Bibliography
Source 1:
King, D., Vlaev, I., Everett-Thomas, R., Fitzpatrick, M., Darzi, A., & Birnbach, D. J. (2016). “Priming” hand hygiene compliance in clinical environments. Health Psychology, 35(1), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000239
As mentioned above also, hand hygiene can be considered as one of the most effective and important procedure in prevention of hospital acquired infections. King et al. (2016) presented that the traditional information presented only limited cues or benefits concerning the relation between hand hygiene and facilitating factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and investigate whether priming via visual and olfactory cues could be an influence on the adoption of hand hygiene compliance.
The study presented by King et al. (2016) is quantitative because the outcomes of this study are measurable. Further, it would be essential to consider that the authors selected Randomised controlled trial within a surgical intensive care unit (SICU) in Miami, Florida. The primary data involved observing hand hygiene compliance of a mix of healthcare professionals along with the service users of the facility and the observations were independently verified.
Further, the intervention used was twofold that is, a clean citrus smell (olfactory prime) and male or female eyes on the dispenser package (visual prime) where the hand hygiene compliance was the primary outcome measure. As presented above also, results of this study were measurable and there was a 5% significant evidence justifying that citrus smell significantly improved HHC. Likewise, comparison of results with the control group led to the understanding that improvement in HHC was observed when a picture of ‘male eyes’ was used as a primer over hand gel dispenser.
However, on the other hand no significant HHC improvements were observed when female eyes were placed on the same hand gel dispenser. These results were considered as significant enough to direct the attention towards the fact that priming can influence hand hygiene compliance in clinical settings. Likewise, the authors also suggested that priming interventions could also be used in to bring changes in other behaviours, which might be relevant to public health. Nevertheless, despite of the recommendations presented by the authors, there were certain limitations to this study.
One of the major limitations was the limited number of individuals or participants in this study, which can also categorise the results into insignificant. Likewise, results of this study cannot be considered as universal that is, they might not be applicable to other healthcare settings, which are not surgical intensive care unit (SICU). Moreover, the statistical analysis performed by authors was very intensive as there were only two primers used for the intervention study and authors could have used more in order to expand the horizons of this study and universal applicability of the results.
Source 2:
Haverstick, S., Goodrich, C., Freeman, R., James, S., Kullar, R., & Ahrens, M. (2017). Patients’ hand washing and reducing hospital-acquired infection. Critical care nurse, 37(3), e1-e8. doi: 10.4037/ccn2017694
The mode of transmission for hospital-acquired infections can be numerous; however, transmission through contact is still one of the major mode transmission. Therefore, hand-hygiene is important to prevent the transmission of hospital-acquired infections among patients as well as the staff members. Haverstick et al. (2017) considered that hospital acquired infection rates still contribute to a significant percentage of concern across health centres.
Therefore, Haverstick et al. (2017) focused upon identification of a significant relationship between patient’s hand washing and reduction in hospital acquired infections. The major objective of this study was to improve patient’s hand hygiene through health promotion directing towards the use of soap, water as well as hand sanitisers along with other agents, which can promote hand hygiene and education to foster the reduction of...