Answer To: y Written Assessment: You are required to write a formal academic essay. The essay will require an...
Dr Insiyah R. answered on Aug 24 2022
Introduction 1
Learning Outcome 2
Conclusion 5
Reference 6
Introduction
An integrated, biopsychosocial model called the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) describes the process of purposeful behaviour change, or, more specifically, a person's willingness to engage in new, healthier behaviour (Abuse,2019). The TTM incorporates the most valuable elements from various theories into a complete change model. In contrast, other behaviour change models concentrate on only one facet of change, primarily focusing on social variables, psychological concerns, or physical characteristics (Johnson, von Sternberg and Velasquez,2017).
According to the transtheoretical model, health behaviour change occurs in six stages: stage 1 is pre-contemplation, stage 2 is contemplation, stage 3 is preparation, stage 4 is action, stage 5 is maintenance, and the last stage is termination. Ten change processes have been recognised as key drivers of advancement, along with decisional balance, self-efficacy, and temptation (Nigg et al,2019).
The case study provided is of Claudia, a 20-year-old woman who just learned that she is pregnant and is worried about her drinking. From the healthcare provider's perspective, Claudia is now in Stage 3 of the transtheoretical change model, which is the "preparation" phase. The HCP's job is to get to know Claudia, help her through the steps of transformation, and get her to stage 5 (maintenance). This assignment will discuss the stages of TTM in Claudia's case and figure out how it will help with her pregnancy and alcoholism (Brown et al,2015).
Learning Outcome
Psychologist and psychiatrist Erik Erikson developed his theory of the "Stages of Psychosocial Development" in the 1950s. It extended Freud's theory of psychosexual development into adulthood and drew analogies between different phases of infancy. The theory proposes eight stages of human development that occur linearly and are impacted by environmental, genetic, and environmental influences (Orenstein and Lewis, 2021). Each of Erikson's eight phases of growth builds upon the one before it. There is always an emergency to deal with. When individuals come out on the other side of adversity more substantial mentally and emotionally, they can take on future challenges better. Stage 1 is trust vs mistrust which lands between birth to 12-18 months old. The second stage is autonomy vs shame and doubt, from age 18 months to 3 years old. Stage 3 is initiative vs guilt, a preschool year aged 3 to 5. Stage 4 is industry vs inferiority from age 5 to 12 years old. Stage 5 is identity vs confusion from age 12 to 18, known as Adolescence. Stage 6 is intimacy vs isolation; this happens between 18 to 40 years old. Stage 7 is generativity vs stagnation from 40 to 65 year, and the last stage is integrity vs despair which occur over 65-year-old (Dunkel and Harbke,2017).
According to this stage, Claudia land on stage 6, intimacy vs isolation. At this point, people will likely start nodding in agreement since they can see themselves in what you're saying. Those who have developed a firm grasp on who they are are now capable of opening themselves to others. Be committed to others now (Watakakosol et al,2021). According to Erikson, creating secure, long-term romantic partnerships is the current psychological difficulty. By the end of this phase, healthy couples have built trusting, loving bonds. This hypothesis suggests that those who failed to complete the preceding stage effectively and who lack a strong sense of identity are less likely to be able to form lasting connections. The lack of a supportive social network makes them vulnerable to feelings of isolation and despair (Syed and McLean,2017).
Although motivational interviewing (MI) was developed to treat alcohol abuse, it has widespread use in other fields, including medicine and public health. The foundation of the counselling relationship in Motivational...